This study aimed to determine whether heat stress affected the values and correlations of metabolic, endocrinological, inflammatory parameters as well rectal body surface temperature cows in early middle stages lactation. experiment was conducted May (thermoneutral period), June (mild stress), July (moderate severe stress). In each period we included 15 lactation mid-lactation. The increase temperatures (°C) moderate compared thermoneutral different regions significant (p < 0.01) results...

Heat stress in dairy cows is caused by a combination of environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and air movement). Continual genetic selectin for greater performance results to increased sensitivity heat stress. It was one the reasons why lactation curve during summer has decreasing trend compared spring which maintained within high levels. The trial conducted (April-May) period (June-July) on total 40 Holstein-Friesian breed early (first 60 days lactation)....

The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics metabolic profile and complete blood count in cows periparturient period on basis intensity lipolysis ketogenesis (concentration non esterified fatty acid - NEFA betahydroxybutyrate BHB). Based median values BHB were divided into 3 groups: physiologically burdened with catabolism (NEFA levels above one week after parturition), significantly before parturition) that are not below median, i.e. control group). value 0.27 mmol/L...

The subject of this research was to determine the effect housing system on quality welfare dairy cattle in Serbia. Study realized six farms, capacity 30 900 cows, with loose and tie system. Assessment parameters done by using Welfare Quality? Protocol for Cattle, 2009. Results show that animals is under significant system, has advantage when it comes comfort around resting, easy movements health condition cows. Share not lame cows (81%) no lesion (86%) significantly higher (p<0.01)...

For several decades fish welfare has been subject of many researches, and the interest for this is connected with fact that can feel pain suffering. In addition to stressors? mechanisms action their consequences are similar in mammals fish. Assessment farmed based on same principles as terrestrial farm animals. However, special methods collecting data needed due morphological characteristics properties environment. world our country, researches different ways assessment being conducted,...

The aim of this study was to investigate changes serum testosterone, scrotal circumference, body weight, and semen characteristics in a Meat Institute Sheep (MIS) population during their developing period (between 3 17 months). Correlative relationships among parameters were also tested. Body weight circumference measured monthly, blood samples for testosterone levels taken bimonthly (3-17 months), collected by an electroejaculator between the ages 9 months. analysis showed that average...

In this paper are described the most important stressors in intensive sheep production on farms and pastures. Stressors pastures mostly originate from adverse housing conditions, improper zootechnical procedures, veterinary procedures (treatment, vaccinations, blood tests, surgery), animal husbandry (labeling, weaning, grouping, shearing, shortening tail, hoof care), unsuitable weather conditions (extreme heat cold) insufficient nutrition. The puts out special emphasis consideration of...

This paper provides an overview of recent developments in rearing conditions, health and welfare issues dairy cows. The last approximately 30 years has witnessed worldwide increasing scientific research, consumer activity, political response towards housing condition, cattle. All buildings systems for cattle should be designed, constructed, maintained managed to assist the achievement Five Freedoms: freedom from hunger thirst, discomfort, pain, injury disease, express normal behavior fear...

The most significant welfare problems in dairy calves intensive rearing conditions have been investigated this paper. These mainly result from inadequate intake of colostrum (separation the dam), ventilation (resulting inappropriate airflow, low or high temperatures, humidity and poor air quality), floor (wet floor, without bedding), monitoring health, exposure to pathogens causing respiratory gastrointestinal disorders occurrence iron deficiency. In addition, on cattle farms our country...

In this review paper, hygienic procedures before, during and after cow milking are discussed. The for maintaining udders before milking, as well the hygiene of units described. description includes maintenance milker's hand hygiene, udder disinfection milking. It is pointed out that these should be carried in a clean environment without any disturbance to cows. addition, need control implementation measures emphasized. A proper way carrying essentially contributes reduction number...

The experiment was carried out with 260 chickens divided into 13 groups, for 6 weeks. All chicken groups were fed commercial mixtures, and selenium added in their feed the form of sodium selenite or selenized yeast at following concentrations: 0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 30 mg Se/kg. Three birds from each group sacrificed on 10th, 24th 42nd days experiment. internal organs inspected parts liver kidneys subsequently taken pathohistological investigations. In 2 5 Se/kg neither pathomorphological nor...

The social rank refers to the relative position of an individual animal within dominant hierarchy developed in a group. In rams, is mostly associated with body mass, size and condition. However, although mass generally considered as one main determinants rank, only few studies have been carried out for purpose associating behavior development these animals. Objective this research was determine how ram measures relate establishment hierarchy. Social established using food competition test at...

The effects of general and special biosecurity measures to prevent introduction infectious agents in a dairy farm or its spreading from were analyzed details this paper. Investigations conducted on five different production with technology capacity using questionnaire method (Hristov Stankovic, 2009), as well scrutinizing their positions relation possible sources bio-risks the near far away environment. Test results showed that there are serious shortcomings all observed farms, regarding...

Agriculture of the Republic Serbia is going through significant reforms in legislation and agricultural policy, during this EU preaccession period, order to comply one most important policies - Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The potential tradition production beef, on hand market needs other, impose need for timely preparations from legislative technological aspect human resources. Present study gives review major regulations main parameters SEUROP beef classification system sense...

Three farms of dairy cows (A, B and C) were observed for health disorders suckling calves. Farm A is farm with tied system rearing, 1100 cows, while C have 400 600 kept loose outdoor pens, respectively. Data regarding welfare criteria (health, feeding, housing behaviour) collected analysed through Protocol Welfare Quality (2009). Health calves statistically by chi-square test (?2 test). all three assessed as acceptable, meaning that provided conditions meet the minimum requirements animals....

Basic principles of biosecurity plans creation and inplementation were given in this review paper. This include goals wanted to be acheived related specificities dairy farm technology, sellection measures that have included, order manner description, inplementation, as well failures plan execution. Efficiacy further sustainibility could measured through differences between level before after application established by questionnaire about indicators, such as: 1. isolation the its...

This study was conducted in five dairy farms with different capacity (farms A 47, B 12, C 10, D 14 and E 24 Simmental cows, aged between 4 5 years body weight about 600 kg) order to determine a relationship rearing system, Animal Needs Index (ANI) milk traits.Loose system of cow used open stalls C, while other cows were tied closed stalls.In two farms, there outdoor pens, permanently available on farm A, during daytime D. Rations for equal all suitable daily production 20 kg 4.0 % fat 3.5...

The hygienic condition of dairy cows and their udders in 128 small household farms different regions Serbia, producing mostly milk, having 5-15 cows, a milk cooler at least one milking machine, was evaluated by the following indicators: 1. general assessment body cleanliness, 2. visual inspection teats udder base, 3. maintenance rated on scale 0 1 or to 5. samples were taken each visit farm after cooling tested for protein fat content, somatic cell count (SCC) total number microorganisms...

Public and consumer pressure for assurances that farm animals are bred humanelyhas led to develop a range of methods assess compliance with welfare standards. On-farmassessment animal requires combination animal-based measures the actualstate resource-based identify risk factors by giving advantage noninvasivemethods like monitoring behavior.Changes in behavior can be good indicators health status, both related theanimals’ breading conditions. For farmers professionals is very important...

The purpose of this study is the determination occurrence and prevalence clinical mastitis lactation incidence risk on three dairy farms. A one year a total 1031 black-white breed cows with 1267 lactations was performed. Each farm implemented different technology rearing herd size (farm - tie-stalls, 162 cows; B loose-housing system open shed deep bedding, 357 C loosehousing enclosed shed, 512 cows). Clinical in detected by examination udder abnormalities milk. To distinguish two consecutive...