This study aimed to determine whether heat stress affected the values and correlations of metabolic, endocrinological, inflammatory parameters as well rectal body surface temperature cows in early middle stages lactation. experiment was conducted May (thermoneutral period), June (mild stress), July (moderate severe stress). In each period we included 15 lactation mid-lactation. The increase temperatures (°C) moderate compared thermoneutral different regions significant (p < 0.01) results...

Heat stress (HS) significantly impacts dairy cow productivity and welfare, primarily by inducing metabolic hormonal imbalances, particularly insulin resistance. By examining the underlying mechanisms of HS-induced resistance its downstream consequences, we evaluate efficacy biotechnological strategies like genetic selection rumen microbiome manipulation, alongside medical approaches such as nutritional supplementation therapies in addressing this complex challenge. This review highlights...

Metabolic stress in early lactation cows is characterized by lipolysis, ketogenesis, insulin resistance and inflammation because of negative energy balance increased use lipids for needs. In this study the relationship between lipid metabolite, lipid-based resistance, hepatocyte functionality indexes tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) with extracellular heat shock protein 70 (eHsp70) was investigated. The experiment included 50 all parameters were measured blood serum. a more pronounced...

The aim of this study is to determine correlation between change in milk production and metabolic adaptation cows during heat-stress. Experiment included 30 Holstein-Frisian cows. Cows exposed heat-stress, which expressed high THI index, have lower production, higher concentration insulin lover concentrations glucose NEFA. Indexes resistance-RQUICKI, insulin: NEFA relations are under heat stress. Grouping accordance reduced yield showed that trend reduction levels, followed by increased...

Previous experimental models on cows have examined the difference in metabolic adaptation after niacin administration, without identifying most important mediators between administration and its biological effects, namely active forms of niacin. All tissues body convert absorbed into main metabolically form, coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) phosphate (NADP). The aim this study was to determine influence periparturient period NAD, NADP NAD:NADP ratio relationship these...

Background: Measuring metabolic parameters in the blood has been an indispensable tool for assessing productive and health status of dairy cows more than 100 years. The values laboratory depend on various preanalytical, analytical postanalytical factors. most important preanalytical factors are sample transport time temperature, hemolysis, anticoagulant type, volume.Preanalytical can lead to reduced stability analyte sample, which changes their concentration. Loss storage manipulation...

The aim of this study is to determine value temperature-humidity index (THI) in period 2005-2016. Vojvodina and their correlations with milk production temperature body surface animals. THI calculated according the following formula THI=(1,8×Temperature)-(1-Relative Humidity) × (Temperature- 14,3)+32. Temperature humidity data were collected directly from Hydrometeorological Institute Serbia. Average values for every month year 2005 2016. Measuring spots cities Vršac, Zrenjanin, Kikinda,...

Peripartal metabolic stress is characterized by increased lipid mobilization, when non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are increased, as well ketogenesis, the concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) increased. NEFA metabolized in all tissues but main organ liver. Possible processes are: a) complete oxidation NEFA, b) partial and synthesis ketone bodies (BHB), c) development triglycerides from that can be transported or stay liver apparent. Moreover, lipolysis ketogenesis cause oxidative...

Hemolysis is a common cause of errors in laboratory tests as it affects blood parameters and leads to positive or negative bias. This study aims examine the relationship between level hemolysis (expressed cell-free hemoglobin concentration, g/L) variability metabolic endocrine determine threshold that causes an analytically clinically significant bias for twenty most frequently examined cows. Paired samples 10 mL each were obtained from 30 One was subjected mechanical trauma plasma extracted...

Ketosis is a significant metabolic disorder in cows that occurs as result of negative energy balance, when the concentration ketone bodies blood, milk and urine increases. Cow ketosis disease characterized by disturbance carbohydrate fat metabolism with increased production body. Basic adaptations are: BHB, NEFA, lower glucose, value liver enzymes bilirubin, macro micro elements, values inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, are accompanied various associated diseases...

Lactation and metabolic rearrangement significantly influence hematological parameters. The red bloodline of early lactation cows is characterized by hypochromic changes in erythrocytes a reduced number erythrocytes. concentration hemoglobin linked to milk production, since higher was found heifers (which are not naturally lactating). neutrophils the highest first week after parturition, while lymphocytes lowest same period, so neutrophil:lymphocyte index this period. eosinophils increased...

Changes within an individual during re-evaluation a certain period are referred to as intraindividual variations, and they determined by the coefficient of variation (CVi), which indicates degree variability sample results in comparison population's arithmetic mean. A higher CVi denotes less stability investigated parameter greater individual. By calculating from repeated measurements, one can estimate how much measured parameters fluctuate over time. The ratio group biological represents...

The use of a thermal imaging camera is reliable, non-invasive method assessing compressive stress. emissivity given by the body surface in cattle ranges from 0.93-0.98, which makes infrared thermography an extremely suitable method. By measuring temperature different anatomical regions, it possible to determine load as well their mutual variability relation external temperatures. With camera, make maximum, medium and minimum IRT (infrared thermograms). It also evaluate thermograms are most...

Diseases of the locomotor system cattle, such as: arthritis, tendinitis, tenovaginitis, bursitis/hygromas and abscesses, have a significant role in health production status animals, because addition to directly impairing they cause also lead drop milk production, drying off animals due need for treatment, permanent exclusion from process economic exploitation animals. According all above, it could be easily concluded that right time diagnosis is one most important prerequisites adequate...

Pooled blood samples are an economical and high-quality way to show the state of a certain population, as well response population factors external internal environment, use pooled in veterinary medicine related fields has found wide application, whether it is for diagnosis infectious diseases , quality control laboratory or various diseases. Creating sample saves time reduces cost analysis, enables easier storage sample, while individual require greater space, financial resources, with...

Cow's milk contains a large number of fatty acids, some which may be potential benefit to human health. The aim this research is determine the most important biological and ecological factors that influence acid composition nutritional indices raw originating from cows in intensive farm production. Comparing reference cows, next animals had significantly higher odds having greater SFA concentrations lower being categories with MUFA, PUFA UFA milk: 2nd 3rd lactation compared 1st, mid late...

Heat stress can be defined as a condition in which there is changed relationship the amount of heat produced and that released to outside environment through physical models conduction, convection evaporation. Prolonged exposure negatively affect health-productive traits. The adaptive response animals involves physiological, behavioral metabolic reactions order maintain thermoregulation. main effect decrease milk production, so has great economic importance. production related direct high...

Hormones are very important in cows because they participate the orchestrated rearrangement of organism for coming lactation (homeoresis) and as such have great diagnostic prognostic significance, so maintaining their stability sample is crucial importance. Three hundred samples originating from dairy different periods participated this research. The were divided into 6 groups: according to time sampling processing laboratory (0-4h, 4-8h over 8h) presence pre-analytical factors (group with...

Increasing milking frequency can increase milk production in cows by 15-20%, and increased affect different mechanisms of secretion metabolic activity the udder. In practice, are best milked twice a day with an average interval between two milkings 12 hours, practice it is most common range 8-16 hours. It was shown that 12-hour good for high-yielding cows, steady during first half lactation. An extended will lead to inhibition lactation consequent decrease amount produced. dairy cattle more...

Background: Iron (Fe) is microelement, essential to ensure some metabolic physiological process. Although Fe a stable element in the body that tightly regulated, stress, lipolysis, ketogenesis, endocrine change, insulin resistance and inflammation early lactation can influence status blood. The objectives of this experiment were determine cows whether measures relation with hematological, metabolic, inflammatory response during lactation. Materials, Methods Results: included 30 healthy 1st 6...

Pramenka is a breed of sheep widely distributed on the Balkan Peninsula (over 30 strains). A number factors affect hematological and biochemical parameters in blood such as breed, age, sex, region, season health. The aim this paper to determine reference ranges for selected Bosnian rams. experiment included 362 samples. rams were healthy, raised under farm conditions Banat (Serbia). was collected by puncture v. jugularis, vacuum cleaners with purple stopper (EDTA, analysis) yellow (for...

Background: Ketosis is the most important metabolic disease with prevalence from 15 to 45%. diagnosed using a profile. Due high prevalence, it necessary determine large number of profiles within farm, which represents an additional cost, so implementation pooled serum in assessing status cows was examined. The aim this study validate and evaluate influence relative position (Z-score) value sample parameters known reference healthy detection ketosis herd during early lactation.Materials,...

The climatic conditions in Serbia are suitable for the development of heat stress cows. values bioclimatic THI indicator point to a positive trend increase number days during which occurrence present. In cows, change body temperature is noted, activation cooling mechanisms, along with reduced milk production and reproductive efficiency. behavioral changes cows occur on farms, level welfare decreases slightly when measured according animal-based criteria. Changes productivity mainly related...