Neonatal dairy and beef calves are required to ingest adequate volumes of high-quality colostrum during their first hours life acquire transfer passive immunity (TPI). As such, immunoglobulin G (IgG) has largely been the focus research over recent decades. Yet, little is known about additional bioactive compounds in that potentially influence newborn calf development metabolism. The purpose this narrative review synthesize regarding effects management practices on TPI, as well address...

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been increasing in young adults, concomitant with the occurrence increased abdominal adiposity. We previously reported that consuming tree nuts, as replacement for typical high-carbohydrate snacks, reduces visceral fat and waist circumference adults who have one or more risk factors. aimed to investigate effects nuts snack consumption on plasma adipose tissue fatty acid profiles along changes expression genes involved thermogenesis, glycemia,...

The objective of this study was to characterise the regional variation in barrier function gastrointestinal tract Holstein calves using flux rates mannitol and inulin as permeability markers tissue conductance (Gt) an electrophysiological indicator function. Six steer (6 months age) fed a common diet were used. Calves killed by captive bolt stunning pithing, tissues collected from rumen, omasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, proximal colon, distal colon. Tissues carefully washed...

In mid-to-late gestation, nutrient demand increases to meet the growth requirements of conceptus and cows may alter metabolism in response energy demands pregnancy. By better understanding metabolic role pregnancy, there be opportunities understand maintenance costs improve overall feed efficiency. Eighteen mature Simmental/Angus crossbred cows, pregnant (PREG; n = 9) nonpregnant (OPEN; 9), were used investigate effect pregnancy on BW change, carcass traits, visceral organ mass, circulating...

In a 4 × Latin square design (24-d periods), ruminally cannulated Hereford Angus/Simmental heifers were used to evaluate the effect of increasing levels monensin concentration on DMI, ruminal fermentation, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) absorption across reticulorumen, and total tract barrier function. Heifers fed barley-based finishing diet (76% rolled barley grain, 12% silage, 8% mineral vitamin supplement, 4% canola meal) containing 0, 22, 33 or 48 mg/kg monensin. Urinary recovery Cr-EDTA...

Twenty-two nonlactating multiparous pregnant beef cows (639 ± 68 kg) were used to investigate the effect of dietary restriction on abundance selected proteins regulating cellular energy metabolism. Cows fed at either 85% (n = 11; LOW) or 140% HIGH) total NE requirements. The diet consisted a haylage-based mixed ration containing 20% wheat straw. slaughtered by block (predicted date parturition), beginning 83 d after initiation treatments and every week thereafter for 6 wk, such that each was...

The objective of this cross-sectional, diagnostic accuracy study was to validate a human blood glucose meter (Contour Next One Meter, Ascensia Diabetes Care) for and precision when measuring glucose, hypoglycemic status in dairy calves using whole plasma. A total 49 male [body weight (BW): 46.3 ± 0.8 kg] had jugular catheters placed within 75 min after birth. Thereafter, withdrawn from the catheter at specific time points (-10, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360, 480, 600 min)...

Four crossbred steers (average BW = 478 ± 33 kg) were used in a 4 × Latin square design to determine the effects of dietary concentration dry corn distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) whole corn-based finishing diets on total tract digestion and nutrient balance excretion. The DDGS fed at 0% (control), 16.7%, 33.3%, 50% DM. All contained 10% (DM basis) alfalfa/grass haylage formulated meet or exceed estimated requirements for CP. Steers experimental ad libitum 14-d adaptation period...

Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the effect of silage source (barley vs. wheat silage) when harvested at two chop lengths (low high physically effective neutral detergent fiber [peNDF]) and barley partially replaced with straw increase undigested (uNDF) concentration on performance carcass characteristics finishing steers. Four hundred fifty yearling commercial crossbred steers an initial body weight (BW) 432 ± 30.5 kg were allocated 30 pens fed diets containing 90%...

The objectives of this study were to evaluate how varying colostral insulin concentrations influenced small intestinal development and peripheral metabolism in neonatal Holstein bulls. Insulin was supplemented approximately 5× (70.0 μg/L; n = 16) or 10× (149.7 the basal colostrum (12.9 BI, concentration maintain equivalent macronutrient intake (crude fat: 4.1 ± 0.06%; crude protein: 11.7 0.05%; lactose: 1.9 0.01%) among treatments. Colostrum fed at 2, 14, 26 h postnatal blood metabolites...

Welfare of cull cows during transport to slaughter is a current concern in the Canadian dairy industry. Cull sold through auction often have high prevalence lameness, low body condition score (BCS), hock lesions, and udder engorgement. To evaluate whether drying off feeding before can mitigate these challenges, 45 designated for culling were randomly assigned either be fed 60 d after being dried (Fed; n = 24) or serve as controls by sent directly (Direct; 21). Two Fed removed health reasons...

The objective of this study was to investigate the role protein-mediated transport pathways for short-chain fatty acid flux across ruminal epithelium, using subacute acidosis (SARA) and feed restriction as models. Twenty-one Holstein steers (216.8 ± 31.4 kg BW) were individually housed fed a total mixed ration (TMR) with 50:50 forage:concentrate ad libitum 5 d. After d diet adjustment period, calves assigned 1 3 treatments: control (CTRL) TMR on 1, given 25% their DMI then barley grain...

Limited research with rodents and humans suggests that oral ingestion of pinitol (3-O-methyl-D-chiro-inositol) might positively influence glucose tolerance. This double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over study assessed the effects acute supplementation on plasma concentration, tolerance, insulin sensitivity, activation skeletal muscle receptor. Fifteen older, nondiabetic subjects (62±1 years, mean±SEM) completed four, 1-day trials. Subjects consumed a non-nutritive beverage nothing...

Obesity is associated with inflammatory disorders in humans, including degenerative joint disease. While obesity endemic horses, its relationship to equine disease has not been explored. The current study sought describe relationships between: body weight (BW), condition score (BCS), lameness grade (AAEP), total fat mass (kg; FM) and per cent (FP) [multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (mfBIA)], age, gender, activity level (AL), synovial fluid (SF) plasma (PL) PGE2...

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) and undigested (uNDF) on eating behavior, ruminal fermentation motility, barrier function, blood metabolites, total tract nutrient digestibility for finishing cattle. Six Simmental heifers (668 ± 28.4 kg BW) were used in a replicated 3 × Latin square (21 d periods) balanced carry-over effects. Treatments included control (CON; Table 1) with no forage peNDF minimal uNDF (peNDF: 0.0%, uNDF: 4.88...

Wood, K. M., Montanholi, Y. R., Fitzsimmons, C. F., Miller, S. P., McBride, B. W. and Swanson, 2014. Characterization evaluation of residual feed intake measured in mid- to late-gestation mature beef cows relationships with circulating serum metabolites linear body measurements. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 499–508. To evaluate the use (RFI) models mid-to-late gestating cows, a dataset was used combining data from five experiments containing nine treatment and/or replicate groups for total 321...