For many years, the mass media have been accused of providing negative and potentially-damaging messages to viewers. Some complained that are replete with too much violence while others lamented on stereotyping various groups. In this article, authors examine issues underrepresentation symbolic annihilation as they apply one particular medium-namely, animated cartoons-to which people exposed early in life, typically a regular basis for years. Our principal research questions (a) To what...

Purpose: Although several studies have shown a relationship between anti-transgender experiences and binge drinking and/or hazardous drinking, very little research has examined how these relate to heavy drinking. That is the focus of this study. Methods: This paper uses data from 2015 National Transgender Survey, based on sample 17,367 transgender adults residing in United States. Analyses compare three groups: current “regular” drinkers (drank at least some alcohol during previous month but...

This research examines the levels of condom use self-efficacy in a population men who have sex with are at great risk for contracting/transmitting HIV. It focuses on relationship between and involvement, factors associated greater/lower self-efficacy. The data come from national sample men, randomly chosen, used any 16 websites specifically to identify other whom they could engage unprotected sex. Data were collected January 2008 May 2009 332 via telephone interviews. Multivariate analyses...

This study examines the value of using syndemics theory as a model for understanding HIV risk taking in population men who are at great acquiring and/or transmitting HIV. The principal aim is to provide an empirical test applicability sexual behaviors this particular research population. was based on national random sample 332 have sex with men, or MSM, use Internet seek whom they can engage unprotected sex. Data collection conducted via telephone interviews between January 2008 and May...

ABSTRACT In this study, we describe the relationship between self-esteem and HIV-related risk behaviors, explore what factors predict levels of "at risk" women. Interviews were conducted with 250 (predominantly African American) women living in Atlanta, Georgia metropolitan area August 1997 2000. A community identification process was used to identify potential study participants, further expansion sample via targeted theoretical sampling ethnographic mapping procedures. Self-esteem related...

In this study, we examined the relationship between depression and HIV-related risk behavior practices in a sample of 250 at risk, predominantly African American women living Atlanta, Georgia metropolitan area. Interviews were conducted August 1997 2000. Street outreach efforts used to identify potential study participants, with further expansion via targeted sampling ethnographic mapping procedures. Our conceptual model hypothesized HIV which condom-related attitudes construed as...

The current study examines the risk perceptions of HIV-negative men who have sex with (MSM) use Internet to seek unprotected sex. research questions include following: How great do these perceive their HIV be? Are based on knowledge or related behaviors? What factors are associated greater/lesser perceived risk? Results revealed that more than half believed they had no only a slight chance contracting HIV. Risk were not involvement in practices. Four identified as being greater perception...

ABSTRACT During the past two decades, a fair amount of inconclusive research has been conducted to examine relationship between perceived risk contracting HIV and actual behavior practices. The present study examines perceptions among sample 250 urban, economically-disadvantaged, primarily minority women. In particular, we focus on differences those saying that they have no chance whatsoever who indicated at least some possibility becoming HIV-infected. Three questions are addressed: (1) Are...

Purpose. We examine early-onset cigarette smoking and how, if at all, it is related to subsequent practices. Methods. From 2004 2007, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 485 adult smokers residing in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Data analysis involved a multivariate determine whether age of onset was current practices when effects gender, age, race, marital/relationship status, income, educational attainment taken into account. Results. The mean for 14.8, more than one-half all had...

Gift giving is the process by which an HIV-positive person purposely infects HIV-negative with HIV, usually that person’s knowledge and consent. Little has been written about this HIV transmission practice. In paper, two specific types of gift – generationing stealthing are explained introduced to scientific literature. <em>Generationing</em> a type in one giver successfully previously-uninfected man then men collaborate effort seroconvert another man, so forth....

Purpose: This paper examines the relationships among transition milestones (i.e., transition-related events in transgender persons’ lives that demarcate their life circumstances before vs. afte a milestone was reached), psychological distress, and suicidal ideation large sample of adults. Methods: Data from 2015 U.S. National Transgender Survey were used to examine 11 specific 27,715 Americans aged 18 or older. The Kessler-6 scale measure distress dichotomous during past year other main...

Older women's risk of acquiring HIV should not be discounted, because researchers have noted that older women may at an increased contracting due to their heterosexual sexual practices and/or substance use behaviors. prevention efforts must directed adults who engage in high-risk and drug behaviors, particularly those perceive themselves for infection. This study is based on 183 women, mostly African American, divided into two age cohorts (ages 18 29, ages 40 older). The authors investigate...

Background: Negative attitudes toward using male condoms tend to be associated with higher rates of sexual risk. Little has been written about the factors that influence women's condom use, and this implications for HIV intervention efforts. Methods: Two hundred fifty adult women considered at risk based on demographic family characteristics residing in Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan area were interviewed between August 1997 2000. Street outreach efforts used identify potential study...

AbstractThe research described here is based on a sample of 8,241 out-of-drug-treatment users injected drugs and/or crack, aged 18 or older, recruited from 22 sites across the United States and Puerto Rico. The study divided respondents into three groups—(a) cocaine crack who did not also use heroin speedball (cocaine-only users), (b) injectors (heroin injectors), (c) (dual users)—and compared efficacy entering drug treatment for these groups' involvement in HIV-related risk behaviors.The...

This study explores the relationship of sexual abuse during childhood and adolescence with HIV-related risk behaviors adulthood among female partners injection drug users. It analyzed data that was gathered between 1990 1993, which included a sample 2794 women from US, Mexico, Puerto Rico. 6 occurred month prior to interview were examined; namely, number partners, drug-injecting intercourse while high on alcohol and/or other drugs, times trading sex for drugs money, proportion all acts...

Abstract Relying upon a content analysis of 1 specific type medium to which young people are exposed beginning at an early age, on regular basis, and for many years (i.e., animated cartoons), the present study examines what types messages provided about being members different racial groups. This research following issues: (a) How prevalent race-related overt acts racism in cartoons? (b) Has this prevalence changed over time? (c) What "types" characteristics tend be associated with...

We studied predictors of HIV-related sexual risk-taking among individuals who initiated the use heroin or methamphetamine during past 5 years. Many studies have linked drug to HIV risk and most research has been based on samples users with long-established careers. conducted face-to-face interviews 153 adult new in Atlanta, GA. Drug was not a statistically significant predictor risk, but gender, age, race, homelessness status, childhood neglect, level paranoia, (dys)functionality handling...