Vaginal HIV-1 shedding has been associated with Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection and could play a role in HIV transmission. The purpose of the study was to examine if effective TV treatment reduces presence vaginal RNA.TV+ women attending an outpatient clinic New Orleans, LA, who resolved (n = 58) TV-negative controls 92), matched on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were examined interviewed at baseline, 1, 3 months. status tested by culture amount cell free RNA fluids determined Amplicor...

The authors examined the impact of cumulative neighborhood risk psychosocial stress on allostatic load (AL) among adolescents as a mechanism through which life stress, including conditions, may affect health and inequities. They conducted multilevel analyses, weighted for sampling propensity score-matched, aged 12–20 years in National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2006). Individuals (first level, n = 11,886) were nested within families/households (second 6,696) then census tracts...

Delirium is the most frequent complication associated with hospitalization of older adults, responsible for 17.5 million additional hospital days in United States each year; yet, nurses fail to recognize it more than 30% time.The specific aim study was measure staff nurses' recognition delirium hospitalized adults by comparing nurse and expert diagnostician ratings using Confusion Assessment Method (CAM).This investigated rate agreement/disagreement between researchers a convenience sample...

BACKGROUND: To enhance the understanding of biological mechanisms connecting early adversity and negative health, we examine association between family interpersonal violence disruption telomere length in youth. These specific exposures were selected because their established links with health consequences across life-course. METHODS: Children, age 5 to 15, recruited from greater New Orleans area, exposure was assessed through caregiver report. Telomere length, buccal cell DNA (buccal...

<h3>Importance</h3> Exposure to violence continues be a growing epidemic, particularly among children. An enhanced understanding of the biological effect exposure is critical. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine association between neighborhood and cellular stress in <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> A matched, cross-sectional study 85 black children aged 5 16 years from 52 neighborhoods took place greater New Orleans, Louisiana, area January 1, 2012, July 31, 2013. <h3>Exposures</h3> Density...

In this ecological study, we examined the associations between state-level income inequality and pregnancy-related mortality among non-Hispanic (NH) black NH white populations across US. We estimated total population race-specific 5-year ratios in each state based on national death live birth records from 2011 to 2015. obtained data Gini coefficients for population-level characteristics US Census American Community Survey. Poisson regression with robust standard errors rate (RR) 95%...

Objectives. To examine associations between state-level variation in abortion-restricting policies 2015 and total maternal mortality (TMM), (MM), late (LMM) from to 2018 the United States. Methods. We derived an abortion policy composite index for each state based on 8 policies. fit ecological generalized linear Poisson regression models with robust standard errors estimate 4-year TMM, MM, LMM rate ratios 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated a 1-unit increase index, adjusting...

rubella and congenital syndrome (CRS) in the United States reflects overwhelming success of CRS control strategies that were initiated 31 years ago, when vaccine became available.While US vaccination program has mainly focused on attaining high rates childhood immunization, goal is to prevent fetal infection.When intrauterine occurs first trimester pregnancy, results can include miscarriage, stillbirth, CRS-a pattern anomalies includes cataracts, hearing impairment, cardiac disease,...

The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between alcohol availability, as measured by density off-premise outlets, and consumption in Los Angeles county southern Louisiana, USA. Consumption information collected through a telephone survey 2,881 households pre-Katrina nested within 220 census tracts. Respondents' addresses were geo-coded both neighbourhood (census tracts buffers varying sizes) individual (network distance closest outlet) estimates off-sale outlet computed....

<h3>Background</h3> Given the growing availability of multilevel data from national surveys, researchers interested in contextual effects may find themselves with a small number individuals per group. Although there is body literature on sample size modelling, few have explored impact group sizes less than five. <h3>Methods</h3> In simulated analysis real data, five was examined both continuous and dichotomous outcome simple two-level model. Models one to were compared models complete data....

This study examines the associations between discrimination experiences (types and locations) care postponement among trans-feminine individuals in United States.This secondary, cross-sectional utilized a subset of data from National Transgender Discrimination Survey (n = 2248), specifically for individuals. In this analysis, we examined relationship primary postponement.Twenty-six percent (26.25%) sample reported delaying preventive due to fear discrimination; 23.98%-46.66% respondents past...

Violence is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States abroad, with far-reaching consequences for individuals communities. Interventions that address environmental social contexts have potential greater populationwide effects, yet research has been slow to identify rigorously evaluate these types interventions reduce violence. Several urban communities across US are conducting experimental quasi-experimental community-based examine effect place-based on Using examples from...

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with mental and physical health risks that, through biological psychosocial pathways, likely span generations. Within an individual, telomere length (TL), established marker of cellular stress aging, is both ACE exposure psychopathology, providing the basis for emerging literature suggesting that TL a biomarker linked to early-life adversity within across The authors tested effect maternal ACEs on trajectory infant social-emotional problems...

The goal of this study was to investigate clinical outcomes and survival probabilities among persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) T lymphotropic viruses types 1 2 (HTLV-I/II). A nonconcurrent cohort 1033 HIV-infected individuals also conducted. Sixty-two patients were HTLV-I, 141 HTLV-II. HTLV-I/II coinfection highly associated African-American race/ethnicity, age >36 years, higher CD4(+) cell count at baseline over time, history injection drug use. Coinfected more...

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness an HIV intervention for African American women who use crack cocaine. Two hundred sixty-five (aged 18-59 years) were randomly assigned one two enhanced conditions or National Institute on Drug Abuse standard condition. A substantial proportion reported no past 30-day at 6-month follow-up (100%-61%, p < .001). Significant (p .05) decreases in frequency use; number paying partners; times vaginal, oral, anal sex had with a...

Objective: The objective of the study is to examine relationship between physical availability off-campus alcohol and drinking outcomes among college students. Method: A multilevel analysis students (N = 17,051) nested within campuses 32) was conducted. Four problem-drinking-related (i.e., average number drinks when partying, frequency drunkenness in past 2 weeks, 30-day drinking, greatest one sitting) along with individual level covariates were introduced at student level. assessed as...

Abstract Population‐based association studies have supported the heritability of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study explored influence genetic variation in dopamine transporter (DAT) 3′ untranslated region variable number tandem repeat on development PTSD preschool children exposed to Hurricane Katrina, diagnosed using a developmentally appropriate semistructured interview. A diagnosis according Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition , ( DSM‐IV ;...