Vacant and blighted urban land is a widespread potentially risky environmental condition encountered by millions of people on daily basis. About 15% the in US cities deemed vacant or abandoned, an area roughly size Switzerland. In citywide cluster randomized controlled trial, we investigated effects standardized, reproducible interventions that restore commission violence, crime, perceptions fear safety. Quantitative ethnographic analyses were included mixed-methods approach to more fully...

Neighborhood physical conditions have been associated with mental illness and may partially explain persistent socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of poor health.To evaluate whether interventions to green vacant urban land can improve self-reported health.This citywide cluster randomized trial examined 442 community-dwelling sampled adults living Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, within 110 lot clusters randomly assigned 3 study groups. Participants were followed up for 18 months...

The Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation initiated a 'Lots of Green' programme to reuse vacant land in 2010. We performed difference-in-differences analysis the effects this on crime and around newly treated lots, comparison crimes randomly selected matched, untreated lot controls. two types treatments were tested: cleaning greening 'stabilisation' treatment 'community reuse' mostly involving community gardens. combined both also tested. After adjustment for various...

Vacant and abandoned buildings pose significant challenges to the health safety of communities. In 2011 City Philadelphia began enforcing a Doors Windows Ordinance that required property owners install working doors windows in all structural openings or face fines. We tested effects new ordinance on occurrence crime surrounding from January April 2013 using difference-in-differences approach. used Poisson regression models compare differences pre- post-treatment measures for were remediated...

Homicide is the third leading cause of death for adolescents in United States and who are African American. Large cities have disproportionate homicide rates.

Background Social isolation is an important determinant of all-cause mortality, with evidence suggesting association cancer-specific mortality as well. In this study, we examined the associations between social and neighborhood poverty (independently jointly) on cancer in a population-based sample US adults. Methods Using data from Third National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III; 1988–1994), NHANES III Linked Mortality File (through 2011) 1990 Census, estimated relationship...

Violence is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States abroad, with far-reaching consequences for individuals communities. Interventions that address environmental social contexts have potential greater populationwide effects, yet research has been slow to identify rigorously evaluate these types interventions reduce violence. Several urban communities across US are conducting experimental quasi-experimental community-based examine effect place-based on Using examples from...

Homicide is a leading cause of adolescent mortality. To our knowledge, relatively little has been studied in terms the association between environmental neighborhood features, such as streets, buildings, and natural surroundings, severe violent injury among youth.

Abstract Researchers have documented that vacant lot greening can reduce community‐level crime and violence. Busy Streets Theory (BST) suggests residents who are involved in the process help to improve physical environments build social connections deter Yet few researchers explored how community engagement may affect violence outcomes. We applied BST test effects of community‐engaged compared lots received either professional mowing or no treatment, on density violent around study lots....

BACKGROUND Identifying individuals at highest risk maximizes efficacy of prevention programs in decreasing recidivist gunshot wound (GSW) injury. Characteristics GSW recidivists may identify this population. Hospital-based violence intervention (HVIPs) are one effective strategy; however, expensive, therefore, when possible, epidemiologic data should guide inclusion criteria. METHODS Seventeen years all patients presenting to an urban Level I trauma center were reviewed. Countywide murders...

Abstract Unmaintained vacant land in urban areas is associated with a number of negative outcomes for residents areas, including mental and physical health, safety, quality life. Community programs which promote parcel maintenance neighborhoods have been found to reverse some the effects that unmaintained has on nearby residents. We explored how health using data collected Flint, MI 2017–2018. Trained observers assessed approximately 7200 parcels surveyed 691 (57% Female, 53% Black, M age =...

Firearm violence is a major public health concern in the USA with firearm suicide and homicide accounting for majority of gun deaths. The present work seeks to explore role legislation reducing rates. Using State Law Database (www.statefirearmlaws.org), rates were compared across 50 US states from 1991 2017. A regulations index was computed represent total number state laws. Generalized estimating equations used population-level increases or decreases their association after controlling...

Abstract Neighborhood context, including the physical and social environment, has been implicated as important contributors to positive youth development. A transactional approach neighborhood asserts that place people are mutually constitutive; negative perceptions of intrinsically bound with portrayals stigmatized groups, youth. Adult may contribute an increased sense alienation antisocial behavior. This study uses street‐intercept interviews adults ( N = 408) examine relationship between...

Community-Based Participatory Research is a research paradigm that encourages community participation in designing and implementing evaluation research, though the actual outcome measures usually reflect "external" academic researchers' view of program effect policy-makers' needs for decision-making. This paper describes replicable process by which existing standardized psychometric scales commonly used youth-related intervention programs were modified to measure indicators success defined...

In Brief Background Community participatory research encourages community involvement in early stages of program development and implementation, but sustainability is dependent on continued interest participation. While locally measured outcomes may not be generalizable, evaluations that demonstrate progress community-specified markers success can a community's return investment. The purpose this study was to outline process whereby community-identified indicators successful violence...

Social environmental factors are theoretically identified as influential drivers of health behaviors - tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity related to chronic disease disparities. Empirical studies investigating relationships involving social have found that either greater interpersonal racial-ethnic discrimination or perceived neighborhood disorder were associated with adverse behaviors, potentially larger effects among women. We simultaneously tested whether measures...

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Youth violence reduction is a public health priority, yet few studies have examined secular trends in among urban youth, who may be particularly vulnerable to numerous forms of violence. This study examines 10‐year the prevalence violence‐related behaviors Philadelphia high school students. METHODS Repeated cross‐sectional data were analyzed from 5 waves Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) 2003 2013. Sex‐specific multivariate regression models used examine multiple types...

Abstract Land banks across the United States are managing expanding vacant property inventories. By maintaining properties and engaging residents in process, land facilitate processes integral to building safe neighborhoods may play a role violence prevention. Using generalized additive mixed model regression, adjusted for spatial temporal dependencies, we examined whether bank ownership stewardship of Flint, Michigan were associated with trends serious, violent, firearm‐involved crime,...

Neighbourhood environments are a known social determinant of health. Vacant and abandoned buildings lots poor or hazardous housing conditions, combined with crime violence, can affect residents’ health wellbeing. Nationwide Children’s Hospital its partners launched the Healthy Homes initiative in 2008, which sought to improve nearby wellbeing by rejuvenating vacant properties increasing homeownership South Side neighbourhood Columbus, Ohio. Between 2008 mid-2019 funded 273 repairs...

The brutal killings of George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor and others sparked widespread protests for racial economic justice in the USA around globe. A fundamental principle espoused by Black Lives Matter movement other groups involved direct action is that our most enduring social problems are rooted structural factors must therefore be addressed with solutions. (In this context, ‘structural’ refers to elements systems provide a foundation how societies operate, such as policies,...

In response to the call for better science that Society Advancement of Violence and Injury Research (SAVIR) put out 4 years ago, SAVIR established its Anti-racism Interest Group (AIG) charged it lead antiracism efforts at SAVIR. The AIG has led SAVIR's actively integrate principles frameworks into injury violence prevention (IVP) education, research, methods, dissemination implementation as a field, more specifically each committee activities strategies. this article, we detail those outline...