A5051505726- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Community Health and Development
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Youth Development and Social Support
- Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Wine Industry and Tourism
- Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Service-Learning and Community Engagement
- Psychology of Social Influence
- Media Influence and Health
- Organ Donation and Transplantation
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Traffic and Road Safety
- Online and Blended Learning
- School Health and Nursing Education
- Education Systems and Policy
- Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Media Studies and Communication
- Public Health Policies and Education
- Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
Tufts University
2019-2024
American Board of Internal Medicine
2022
National Opinion Research Center
2022
University of Chicago
2022
Institute for Research and Evaluation
2022
Boston University
2009-2018
Duke University
2017-2018
Johns Hopkins University
2015
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2013
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
2013
BACKGROUND: Approximately half of the families asked to consider donation a relative's organs decline give consent. Understanding difference between stated public support organ and actual behavior is key decreasing shortage donor organs. OBJECTIVES: To gain insight into experiences potential define features donation-request process other factors that are associated with consent for donation. METHODS: A structured telephone interview was conducted immediate next kin 164 medically suitable...
Objective: An 18-site randomized trial was conducted to determine the effectiveness of social norms marketing (SNM) campaigns in reducing college student drinking. The SNM are intended correct misperceptions subjective drinking and thereby drive down alcohol consumption. Method: Institutions higher education were randomly assigned treatment control groups. At group institutions, delivered school-specific, data-driven messages through a mix campus media venues. Cross-sectional surveys by mail...
In 1966, Freedman and Fraser demonstrated that an individual is more likely to comply with a large request for help if person has previously agreed initial small request—a phenomenon they called the foot-in-the-door effect. present survey, studies have sought replicate foot-inthe-door effect are reviewed. The adequacy of self-perception explanation assessed by examining (a) importance size request; (b) noncompliance (c) impact salient external justifications act compliance; (d) social labels...
Background. Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in United States, and risk disease increases earlier life smoking begins. The prevalence among US adolescents has increased since 1991. Despite bans on television tobacco advertising, remains widespread. Objective. To determine whether youth with greater exposure to viewing exhibit higher rates initiation. Methods. We used National Longitudinal Survey Youth, Child Cohort examine longitudinally association 1990 ages 10 15 years...
We report on two studies that assessed the impact of a soap-opera style videotape inner-city STD (sexually transmitted disease) patients' knowledge about and attitudes toward condom use, willingness to redeem coupons for free condoms. Subjects in first study who viewed (and participated brief oral recall session) had higher scores more accepting than subjects did not (knowledge test means 11.1 versus 7.9, attitude index 13.0 11.3). The intervention was most effective among those were...
This article reports the results of a content analysis 23 direct-to-consumer (DTC) product-specific television prescription drug advertisements broadcast during 2001. A majority ads used both medical and lay terms to convey ideas. Most gave consumers somewhat more time absorb facts about benefits than those risks, which could have implications for "fair balance" requirement. Complete references additional product information were given only in text, casting doubt on whether these are making...
Aims: To test the feasibility of online alcohol screening and brief intervention (BI) by comparing (i) two approaches to inviting all students be screened, (ii) a minimal versus more extensive BI. Methods: Freshmen at one university were randomized receive types email invitations an anonymous: general health assessment, or alcohol-specific assessment. All linked same survey. Those with unhealthy use (AUDIT ≥8) randomly assigned Results: In both invitation groups (4008 students), 55%...
A 14-site randomized trial tested the effectiveness of social norms marketing (SNM) campaigns, which present accurate student survey data in order to correct misperceptions subjective drinking and thereby drive down alcohol use. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted by mail at baseline posttest 3 years later. Hierarchical linear modeling was applied examine multiple outcomes, taking into account nonindependence students grouped same college. Controlling for other predictors, having a SNM...
Abstract Objectives: This exploratory study examined pre-event drinking, or pregaming, by US college students. Participants: 112 undergraduates from 10 Pennsylvania colleges participated. Method: A focus group, including a written questionnaire, was conducted at each institution. Results: Only 35.7% of the participants had not pregamed during last 2 weeks. Pregamers consumed an average 4.9 (SD = 3.1) drinks their most recent session. Gender, class year, and other demographic variables did...
Objective: In 2006, the nonprofit organization Choose Responsibility called for repealing 1984 National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which had led all 50 states to establish a minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) of 21 years, and allowing lower their MLDA 18 years. Two years later, assembled small group college university presidents (the Amethyst Initiative) call publicly critical reexamination law. Public health traffic safety experts responded these efforts by generating new research on MLDA,...
Little is known about brand-specific alcohol consumption among underage youth, as existing information collected at the level of alcoholic beverage type. This study identifies brands consumed by a nationally representative sample youth in United States.We obtained national 1,032 aged 13 to 20, using pre-recruited Internet panel maintained Knowledge Networks. Youth 18 20 were recruited directly from via email invitation. Teens 17 identified asking adult panelists identify member their...
Background Many transgender college students struggle with identity formation and other emotional, social, developmental challenges associated emerging adulthood. A potential maladaptive coping strategy employed by such is heavy drinking. Prior literature has suggested greater consumption negative alcohol‐related consequences ( ARC s) in compared their cisgender peers, but little known about differing experiences blackouts ARB s). We examined the level of alcohol consumption, frequency s s,...
A study was conducted to investigate whether beliefs about the cause of a person's obesity would influence attributions made that task performance. 168 high school girls were shown videotape an obese or normal-weight confederate playing game and performing either above below average. Half subjects seeing girl led believe her due glandular disorder beyond control. Subjects rated target as more self-indulgent less self-disciplined than target, except when said have resulted from disorder....
In the absence of a cure or vaccine for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) educational and social marketing efforts to reduce transmission Human T-lymphotropic type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) are cur rently our best hope controlling disease. Since 1983, Centers Disease Control (CDC) has funded series research studies determine whether education can successfully motivate adoption key behaviors relevant control variety sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)....
This short-term evaluation was designed to assess the impact of Project DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education), a joint project Los Angeles Police Department and Unified School District, on knowledge, attitudes, self-reported behavior seventh-grade children who received full-semester curriculum during sixth grade. Compared control group, students had training reported significantly lower use alcohol, cigarettes, other drugs since graduating from These findings were especially strong for...
Objective: The objective of the study is to examine relationship between physical availability off-campus alcohol and drinking outcomes among college students. Method: A multilevel analysis students (N = 17,051) nested within campuses 32) was conducted. Four problem-drinking-related (i.e., average number drinks when partying, frequency drunkenness in past 2 weeks, 30-day drinking, greatest one sitting) along with individual level covariates were introduced at student level. assessed as...
Doctors often use medical language with their patients despite findings from a variety of studies that have shown frequently misunderstand terminology. Little is known about the patterns word by doctors and during clinical encounters.A content analysis 16 verbatim transcripts first encounters between rheumatologists newly referred was conducted to assess how introduced words. Medical words were identified via computer program using defined list.Doctors did not introduce or more than...