A chimera state is a spatio-temporal pattern in network of identical coupled oscillators which synchronous and asynchronous oscillation coexist. This broken symmetry, usually coexists with stable spatially symmetric state, has intrigued the nonlinear dynamics community since its discovery early 2000s. Recent experiments have led to increasing interest origin these states. Here we review history research on states highlight major advances understanding their behaviour.

The B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was first clinically identified in United States on December 1, 2021, and spread rapidly. By late December, it became predominant strain, by January 15, 2022, represented 99.5% sequenced specimens States* (1). Omicron has been shown to be more transmissible less virulent than previously circulating variants (2,3). To better understand severity disease health care utilization associated with emergence States, CDC...

Chimera states are surprising spatiotemporal patterns in which regions of coherence and incoherence coexist. Initially observed numerically, these mathematical oddities were recently reproduced a laboratory setting, sparking flurry interest their properties. Here we use asymptotic methods to derive the conditions under two-dimensional ``spot'' ``stripe'' chimeras (similar those experiments) can exist periodic space. We also discover previously unobserved asymmetric chimera state, whose...

Chimera states are dynamical patterns in networks of coupled oscillators which regions synchronous and asynchronous oscillation coexist. Although these typically observed large ensembles analyzed the continuum limit, chimeras may also occur systems with finite (and small) numbers oscillators. Focusing on 2N phase that organized two groups, we find chimera states, corresponding to attracting periodic orbits, appear as few per group demonstrate for N>2 bifurcations create them analogous those...

A chimera state is a spatiotemporal pattern in which network of identical coupled oscillators exhibits coexisting regions asynchronous and synchronous oscillation. Two distinct classes states have been shown to exist: "spots" "spirals." Here we study on the surface sphere, single system both spot spiral appear. We present an analysis birth death show that although they coexist with chimeras, are stable disjoint parameter space.

Consistent and correct mask use is a critical strategy for preventing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, virus that causes COVID-19 (1). CDC recommends schools require universal indoor students, staff members, others in kindergarten through grade 12 (K-12) school settings (2). As U.S. opened 2021-22 year midst increasing community spread COVID-19, some states, counties, districts implemented requirements schools. To assess impact masking on incidence among K-12 students across United States,...

The simplest network of coupled phase-oscillators exhibiting chimera states is given by two populations with disparate intra- and inter-population coupling strengths. We explore the effects heterogeneous phase-lags between populations. Such heterogeneity arises naturally in various settings, for example, as an approximation to transmission delays, excitatory-inhibitory interactions, or amplitude phase responses oscillators electrical mechanical coupling. find that breaking phase-lag symmetry...

When the U.S. COVID-19 public health emergency declaration expires on May 11, 2023, national reporting of certain categories surveillance data will be transitioned to other sources or discontinued; hospitalization only source available at county level (1). In anticipation transition, and indicators were evaluated for purposes ongoing monitoring. The timeliness correlations among analyzed assess usefulness COVID-19-associated hospital admission rates as a primary indicator monitoring trends,...

Chimera states—curious symmetry-broken states in systems of identical coupled oscillators—typically occur only for certain initial conditions. Here we analyze their basins attraction a simple system comprised two populations. Using perturbative analysis and numerical simulation evaluate asymptotic associated destination maps, demonstrate that form complex twisting structure phase space. Understanding the basins' precise nature may help development control methods to switch between chimera...

Beginning in January 2021, the U.S. government prioritized ensuring continuity of learning for all students during COVID-19 pandemic (1). To estimate extent COVID-19-associated school disruptions, CDC and Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory used a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) (2) statistical approach to most likely actual modality based on patterns observed past data, accounting conflicting or missing information systematic Internet searches (3) COVID-19-related closures. This...

Abstract Background Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are a promising treatment for limiting the progression of disease 2019 (COVID-19) and decreasing strain on hospitals. Their use, however, remains limited, particularly in disadvantaged populations. Methods Electronic health records were reviewed from SARS-CoV-2 patients at single medical center United States that initiated mAb infusions January 2021 with support US Department...

An overwhelming majority of humans are right-handed. Numerous explanations for individual handedness have been proposed, but this population-level remains puzzling. Here, we present a novel mathematical model and use it to test the idea that hand preference represents balance between selective costs benefits arising from cooperation competition in human evolutionary history. We selection elite athletes as test-bed our find evidence validity idea. Our gives first quantitative explanation...

Kuramoto oscillators are widely used to explain collective phenomena in networks of coupled oscillatory units. We show that simple two populations with a generic coupling scheme, where both strengths and phase lags between within distinct, can exhibit chaotic dynamics as conjectured by Ott Antonsen [Chaos 18, 037113 (2008)]. These mean-field arise universally across network size, from the continuum limit infinitely many down very small just per population. Hence, complicated expected even...

During the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns about hospital capacity in United States led to a demand for models that forecast admissions. These short-term forecasts were needed support planning efforts by providing decision-makers with insight future demands health care and resources. We present SARIMA time-series model called Gecko developed this purpose. evaluate its historical performance using metrics such as mean absolute error, predictive interval coverage, weighted scores, compare...

In a complex system, the interactions between individual agents often lead to emergent collective behavior such as spontaneous synchronization, swarming, and pattern formation. Beyond intrinsic properties of agents, topology network can have dramatic influence over dynamics. many studies, researchers start with specific model for both dynamics each agent interaction attempt learn about model. Here, we consider inverse problem: given data from one underlying network? We investigate arbitrary...

Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience lifelong struggles both chronic and acute pain, often requiring medical interventMaion. Pain can be managed medications, but dosages must balance the goal of pain mitigation against risks tolerance, addiction other adverse effects. Setting appropriate requires knowledge a patient’s subjective collecting reports from patients difficult for clinicians disruptive patients, is only possible when are awake communicative. Here we investigate...

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a red blood disorder complicated by lifelong issues with pain. Management of SCD related pain particularly challenging due to its subjective nature. Hence, the development an objective automatic assessment method critical management in SCD. In this work, we developed continuous model using physiological and body movement sensor signals collected from wearable wrist-worn device. Specifically, implemented ensemble feature selection methods select robust stable...

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many public schools across United States shifted from fully in-person learning to alternative modalities such as hybrid and remote learning. In this study, data 14,688 unique school districts August 2020 June 2021 were collected track changes in proportion of offering in-person, over time. These provided by Burbio, MCH Strategic Data, American Enterprise Institute’s Return Learn Tracker individual state dashboards. Because reported these sources incomplete...

ABSTRACT Background Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 are a promising treatment for limiting the progression of COVID-19 and decreasing strain on hospitals. Their use, however, remains limited, particularly in disadvantaged populations. Methods Electronic health records were reviewed from patients at single medical center United States that initiated mAb infusions January 2021 with support U.S. Department Health Human Services’ National Disaster Medical System. Patients who...

ABSTRACT Introduction Deployment-limiting medical conditions (DLMCs) such as debilitating injuries and may interfere with the ability of military service members (SMs) to deploy. SMs in United States (U.S.) Department Navy (DoN) DLMCs who are not deployable should be placed medically restricted status limited duty (LIMDU) or referred Physical Evaluation Board (PEB) for Service retention determination. It is critical identify correctly promptly predict their return-to-duty (RTD) ensure combat...

Simple physical models based on fluid mechanics have long been used to understand the flow of vehicular traffic freeways; analytically tractable an urban grid, however, not as extensively explored. In ideal world, signals would be timed such that consecutive lights turned green just vehicles arrived, eliminating need stop at each block. Unfortunately, this "green-wave" scenario is generally unworkable due frustration imposed by competing demands moving in different directions. Until now has...

SummaryElvis, theWelsh corgi, became famous when he found the quickest route down beach and through water to his ball. It was later discovered that Salsa, Labrador, could achieve same result by using a greedy approach, moving toward ball as quickly possible at each instant in time. We show these paths coincide only under special conditions.