Purpose This paper aims to investigate the question concerning whether gender diversity in boardroom matters lenders or not? Design/methodology/approach To answer this question, authors use data from 2009 2015 of all A-share listed companies on Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. The ordinary least squares regression firm fixed effect draw our inferences. check control issue endogeneity one-year lagged regression, two-stage propensity score matching method Heckman regression. Findings...

The present research focuses on teachers' perceptions and practices regarding Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) its impact communicative competency of the students. A questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from teachers. results show that EFL teachers are aware CLT characteristics, implementation competence suggest despite showing keen interest in change being eager implement CLT, they not optimistic about complete adoption due problems challenges face classroom, like...

This paper aims to examine whether effective tax rate and firm-specific factors (such as firm size, growth opportunities, tangibility, risk, profitability, non-debt shields liquidity) impact the capital structure of multinational firms in energy sector. We employ regression models consisting OLS, fixed effect random test balanced panel dataset based UK USA over period 2011–2019. show a positive significant profitability on long-term total debt measures structure. In case short-term debt,...

This study investigates the impact of board governance mechanism on investment efficiency (IE) in PSX-listed firms. The also examines role institutional ownership (IO) board-IE relationships. In addition, we extend our analysis to re-examine this relationship by splitting sample into two groups, i.e., introductory phase corporate (CG) 2004 2013, and revised codes CG (2014 2018) examine these separately IE. data comprises 155 non-financial firms from 2018. IE is measured using firms’ growth...

The misuse and uncontrolled release of pharmaceuticals into water bodies lead to environmental challenges the development resistance, thereby reducing their effectiveness.

Purpose A company’s dividend policy is determined not just by its strategy but also the qualities of managers, particularly overconfidence. As a result, purpose this study to explore impact CEO overconfidence on using payout ratio and yield ratio. Design/methodology/approach The study’s sample includes 170 non-financial enterprises listed Pakistan Stock Exchange between 2011 2022. Furthermore, we used corporate governance firm-specific factors as control variables. fixed effect model based...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the impact board financial expertise on shareholding foreign institutional investors in an emerging equity market China and explore whether ownership concentration moderates relationship between investment. Design/methodology/approach To test hypothesized relationships, study uses panel data regression models, i.e. static (fixed effect random effect) dynamic (two-step generalized methods moments) models. Further, control...

The present study analyses the factors for higher carbon emissions in Chinese provinces. distinguishing point of this is inclusion forest investment and area to examine whether a sink or source. estimated results have confirmed that simply increasing not constructive approach mitigate emissions. Whilst empirical reported useful strategy reduce concentration environment. By taking account results, central government, local administrations should take swift action properly manage regularly...

Even though numerous researchers have analyzed the factors of carbon emissions, technological innovation’s linear and non-linear effects on emissions not been thoroughly examined in energy–environment literature with Environmental Kuznets Curve framework for European economies. For this purpose, study has employed autoregressive distributed lagged models, novel bounds testing methodologies dynamic simulations. Renewable energy resident non-resident patents are indicators innovations. The...

Purpose The current study aims to investigate the impact of firm performance on chief executive officer (CEO) remuneration in context an emerging market, i.e. Pakistan. Further, interactive effect financial constraints is investigated pay–performance relationship. Design/methodology/approach study's sample includes 173 non-financial firms listed Pakistan Stock Exchange. This covers years 2010–2019. CEO compensation measured terms salary and bonuses, perquisites stock options paid CEO,...

Purpose The study hypothesized that the impact of board diversity on financial distress (FD) is not direct but rather mediated by firm’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. Consequently, purpose this to examine CSR as a mediator in diversity–FD relationship. Design/methodology/approach examined six dimensions – age, gender, nationality, education and tenure 81 nonfinancial Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX)-listed firms from 2010 2021. engagement sample evaluated using...

Speaking is the most difficult as well complex of all four skills, it requires expertise in, and exposure to, target language. Different factors are found responsible for poor speaking skills among EFL learners in general Saudi particular. The current study investigates influence various related to teachers, learners, learning environment on students’ attitude towards skills. questionnaire survey was employed elicit responses from 184 undergraduate male female students Taif University. Data...

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on financial distress (FD) firms listed Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Furthermore, moderating effect governance (CG) CSR–distress relationship is investigated in this study. Design/methodology/approach The final sample includes 117 companies from 2008 2021. firms' CSR engagement assessed using a multidimensional approach, and likelihood FD determined Altman's Z-score. level measured index, which 29...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the crucial question whether gender diversity in boardroom associated with CEO pay and pay-performance link. Design/methodology/approach authors used data companies listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange for a sample consisting KSE-100 index period five years. ordinary least square regression technique test developed hypotheses. also two-step Heckman selection model, two-stage propensity score matching method control problem endogeneity....

Purpose The purpose of this research is to examine the impact corporate governance proxies by ownership structure on financial constraints for a sample 215 non-financial Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) listed firms between 2010 and 2018. Design/methodology/approach dynamic generalized method moments (GMM) estimator used determine influence constraints. enterprises measured using seven variables: managerial, family, institutional, foreign, associated, presence block holder, concentrated...

Purpose The present study aims to investigate the impact of corporate governance proxies by ownership structure and firm-specific characteristics, i.e. firm size, leverage, growth opportunities, previous year dividend, risk, profitability, liquidity on dividend behavior Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) listed firms. Design/methodology/approach Final sample consists 140 PSX-listed covers a period six years, starting from 2015 2020. Dividend payout dummy, ratio, yield were used assess appropriate...

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on financial constraints (FC). Furthermore, authors investigate moderating two key ownership variables, insider and institutional ownership, separately their interacting effect CSR-FC relationship. Design/methodology/approach The sample consists 137 nonfinancial Pakistan Stock Exchange listed firms from 2010 2019. Firms’ participation in socially responsible activities is measured using a multidimensional...

Purpose This study aims to investigate the relationship between corporate governance characteristics and financial performance of both Islamic conventional banks in context an emerging market, i.e. Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach includes 300 bank-year observations from over period 2010–2021. The dynamic panel model (generalized method moments [GMM]) was considered primary estimation that solves simultaneity, endogeneity omitted variable problems as most variables are endogenous by...