Increasing reports of Pneumocystis DNA in noninvasive respiratory specimens from immunocompetent asymptomatic adults and the characteristic lung tropism suggest that pulmonary infections with occur after primary infection. However, studies searching for autopsied lungs healthy have not met success.Lungs people who died violent causes (accidents, homicide, suicide) nonviolent (diseases causing a rapid demise street) Santiago, Chile-for whom an autopsy was legally required-were examined by...

ABSTRACT The transmission of Pneumocystis carinii from person to was studied by detecting P. -specific DNA in prospectively obtained noninvasive deep-nasal-swab samples a child with documented pneumonia (PCP), his mother, two contact health care workers, and 30 hospital staff members who did not enter the patient's room (controls). Nested-DNA amplification done using oligonucleotide primers designed for gene encoding mitochondrial large subunit rRNA rat ( f. sp. ) that amplifies all forms...

Background. Pneumocystis without obvious accompanying pathology is occasionally reported in autopsied infant lungs. Its prevalence and significance are unknown. Interestingly, this mild infection induces a strong activation of mucus secretion–related genes young immunocompetent rodents that has not been explored infants. Excess induced by multiple airway offenders through nonspecific pathways would explain cofactor role respiratory disease. We undertook characterization the associated...

Mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene of Pneumocystis jirovecii are associated with failure sulfa prophylaxis. They can develop by selection patients receiving drugs or be acquired via person-to-person transmission. DHPS mutations raise concern about decreasing efficacy drugs, main available therapeutic tool for pneumonia (PCP). The prevalence was examined isolates from 56 sulfa-prophylaxis-naive adults a first episode PCP 2002 to 2010 Santiago, Chile. Their clinical history...

The presence of Pneumocystis was assessed in oropharyngeal wash specimens from 110 adults (median age, 76 years; age range, 69-95 years), 66 whom had a paired nasal swab specimen. jirovecii DNA detected 12.8% specimens, and the frequency increased to 21.5% specimens. colonization is prevalent older adults. Double noninvasive sampling increases diagnostic yield.

Data on features of Pneumocystis primary infection in infancy are still fragmented. To study infection, 192 infants who were monitored for acute pulmonary disease or fever over a 40-month period retrospectively investigated. P. jirovecii detection archival nasopharyngeal aspirates was performed using qPCR assay. Factors associated with assessed univariate and multivariate analyses. genotypes control group adults contemporaneously diagnosed pneumonia identified unilocus, bilocus, multilocus...

Abstract Human lungs harbor a scarce microbial community, requiring to develop methods enhance the recovery of nucleic acids from bacteria and fungi, leading more efficient analysis lung tissue microbiota. Here we describe five extraction protocols including pre-treatment, bead-beating and/or Phenol:Chloroform:Isoamyl alcohol steps, applied samples autopsied individuals. The resulting total DNA yield quality, bacterial fungal amount community structure were analyzed by qPCR Illumina...

Fresh-frozen lung and tracheal-aspirate specimens obtained from 112 infants who died in Santiago, Chile, during 1998-2000 were analyzed for the presence of Pneumocystis DNA, by use nested DNA amplification large subunit mitochondrial rRNA, viruses, culture immunofluorescence. was detected 45 (51.7%) 87 community 5 (20%) 25 hospital (P=.006). Primary infection with highly frequent among die unexpectedly community. Infection viruses more common hospital.

We compared the frequency of Pneumocystis in 126 sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases with a control group 24 infants from San Diego SIDS/SUDC Research Project who died accidental or inflicted injuries. Cysts were identified 33% SIDS and 29% controls. conclude that is not direct cause SIDS.

Abstract Airway mucus responses to subclinical infections may explain variations in progression of chronic lung diseases and differences clinical expression respiratory across individuals. Pneumocystis associates more severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, distress premature newborns, is a consistent infection between 2 5 months age when hospitalizations for cause infant mortality are higher. This atypical fungus increased mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), central effector Th2-type...

An animal model of voluntary oral morphine consumption would allow for a pre-clinical evaluation new treatments aimed at reducing opioid intake in humans. However, the main limitation rodents is its bitter taste, which strongly aversive. Taste aversion often overcome by use adulterants, such as sweeteners, to conceal taste or bitterants alternative bottle equalize aversion. adulterants' presence cause choice and, upon removal, preference not preserved. Thus, current models are suitable study...

Inflammation and mucus hypersecretion are frequent pathology features of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma COPD. Selected bacteria, viruses fungi may synergize co-factors in aggravating disease by activating pathways that able to induce airway pathology. Pneumocystis infection induces inflammation immune competent compromised humans animals. This fungus is a colonizer patients with Therefore, it becomes essential identify whether has role COPD severity. work used an...

To characterize the seroepidemiological features of Pneumocystis jirovecii infection in healthy Chilean children using overlapping fragments (A, B, C) P. major surface glycoprotein (Msg).Serum antibodies to MsgA, MsgB, and MsgC were measured every 2 months by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 45 infants from about age years.Peak antibody levels (usually reached at 6 months) force (or rate) somewhat greater for than MsgA. Significant seasonal variation was only found with Respiratory...

Fungal colonization with Pneumocystis is associated increased airway mucus in infants during their primary infection, and to severity of COPD adults. The pathogenic mechanisms are under investigation. Interestingly, levels hCLCA1 – a member the calcium-sensitive chloride conductance family proteins that drives hypersecretion have been production patients diagnosed immunocompetent rodents infection. highly prevalent infants; therefore, contribution expression was examined autopsied infant...

Chronic opioid intake leads to several brain changes involved in the development of dependence, whereby an early hedonistic effect (liking) extends need self-administer drug (wanting), latter being mostly a prefrontal–striatal function. The animal models for voluntary oral represents important tool identifying cellular and molecular alterations induced by chronic use. Studies mainly humans have shown that polydrug use dependence are shared across various substances. We hypothesize bred its...

Since normal sperm parameters can be altered by organophosphorous pesticides, this study intended to determine if melatonin is able prevent the damage on quality after an acute exposure diazinon.Adult male mice were injected intraperitoneally with melatonin, diazinon (1/3 or 2/3 LD50) both, and evaluated days 1 32 post injection.Groups treated showed elevated lipid peroxidation levels day treatment, while groups pretreated before no difference compared control.Sperm count a significant...

Clara cells are the main airway secretory able to regenerate epithelium in distal airways through transdifferentiating into goblet cells, a process under negative regulation of Notch pathway. Pneumocystis is highly prevalent fungus humans occurring between 2 and 5 months age, period when still developing respiratory morbidity typically increases. induces mucus hyperproduction immunocompetent host whether it can stimulate unknown. Markers cell secretion Notch1 activation were investigated...

Abstract Background Morphine is an opiate commonly used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. However, prolonged administration can lead physical dependence and strong withdrawal symptoms upon cessation morphine use. These include anxiety, irritability, increased heart rate, muscle cramps, which strongly promote use relapse. The morphine‐induced increases neuroinflammation, brain oxidative stress, alteration glutamate levels hippocampus nucleus accumbens have been associated with a...

Boron is a chemical element widely used in many industrial activities.Exposure to it affects organs mammals, mainly reproductive male organs.This work evaluates boron effect testis.For this purpose, 12mg Boron/L of drinking water, equivalent Arica tap was given for 42 days 85 old CF1 mice (experimental group).Another group (control group) drunk water Santiago (0.6mg Boron/L) used.Testicular histopathology and morphometric analysis done.These studies showed that Borum induces alterations such...

The authors report a case of 46-year-old Hispanic male with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) following blunt trauma to the left eye. patient presented complaint throbbing headache and blurry vision in was diagnosed diabetes mellitus 1 year previous event. On examination, uncorrected visual acuity 20/20 OD, 20/200 OS. No anisocoria or afferent pupillary defect present. Intraocular pressure normal. Subconjunctival haemorrhage lid ecchymosis were present OS fundus examination showed...

Here we report a new real-time PCR assay using SYBR Green which provides higher sensitivity for the specific detection of low levels Pneumocystis jirovecii . To do so, two primer sets were designed, targeting family genes that code most abundant surface protein spp., namely major glycoproteins (Msg), and mitochondrial large subunit rRNA (mtLSUrRNA) multicopy gene, simultaneously detecting regions. methods are instrumental in these levels; however, current nested-PCR time-consuming complex....