Giant unilamellar vesicles having pH-sensitive bilayers can undergo self-division triggered by an internal enzymatic (urea–urease) reaction coupled to a cross-membrane transport of the chemical species.

Highlights•The emergent properties of the urease-esterase reaction network are investigated•The antagonistic enzymatic generates pH waveforms in batch•Front propagation and sol-gel transition fueled by network•One-cycle oscillation is realized giant unilamellar vesiclesSummaryInvestigating designing networks their phenomena backbone systems chemistry. Designing chemical oscillators homogeneous utilizing reactions challenging due to consumption substrates over one cycle. Here, we show that an...

Electrochemical measurements and numerical simulations are employed to understand the chemical communication between liposomes prepared in microfluidics encapsulating a oscillator.

The effects of a range electrolytes on the hydrolysis urea by enzyme urease is explored. autocatalytic behavior in unbuffered solutions and its pH clock reactions are studied. concentration dependence experimental variables analyzed terms specific ion-enzyme interactions hydration. results offer insights into molecular mechanisms enzyme, nature with electrolytes. We found that can tolerate mild environment, while it strongly inhibited both strong kosmotropic chaotropic anions. This study may...

Neuroimmunomodulation is the capacity of nervous system to regulate immune processes. The existence neurotransmitter receptors in cells enables this phenomenon take place. Neuronal mediators possess direct and control several occurrences during wound healing process. Nitric oxide (NO) functions as a neuromodulator, playing crucial role regulation vascular tone blood pressure with antimicrobial properties. Photodynamic therapy has been shown augment function involved process venous leg...

Nitrates pollution of waters is a worldwide problem and its remediation big challenge from the technical scientific point view. One most used promising cleaning techniques biological treatment wastewaters operated by denitrifying bacteria. In this paper we begin thorough study performances bacterium Azospira sp. OGA 24, recently isolated highly polluted Sarno river in south Italy. Here, kinetics nitrates consumption bacteria specifically devised batch bioreactor, anoxic condition with...

The use of surfactants represents a viable strategy to boost the removal yield Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) from groundwater and shorten operational timing remediation process. Surfactants, in general, help reducing interfacial tension at DNAPL/water interface enhance solubility pollutant water phase through formation dispersed systems, such as micelles emulsions. In this paper, we show that suitable choice surfactant, case belonging bio-degradable class ethoxylated alcohols,...

Oscillations in animate and inanimate systems are ubiquitous phenomena driven by sophisticated chemical reaction networks. Non-autonomous oscillators have been designed to mimic oscillatory behavior using programmable syringe pumps. Here, we investigated the non-autonomous oscillations, pattern formation, front propagation of amphoteric hydroxide (aluminum (III), zinc (II), tin lead (II)) precipitates under controlled pH conditions. A continuous stirred-tank reactor with modulated inflows...

Hydrodynamic instabilities at the interface between two partially miscible liquids impact numerous applications, including CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers. We introduce here a new laboratory-scale model system on which buoyancy- and Marangoni-driven convective of such two-layer systems can easily be studied. This consists stratification pure alkyl formate top denser aqueous solution gravitational field. A rich spectrum dynamics is obtained upon partial dissolution ester into water...

Chemical communication leading to synchronization and collective behaviour of dynamic elements, such as cell colonies, is a widespread phenomenon with biological, physical chemical importance. Such between elements proceeds via by emmision, interdiffusion reception specific messenger molecules. On lab scale, these phenomena can be modeled encapsulating an oscillating reaction, which serves signal (information) sender/receiver element, inside microcompartments droplet emulsions, liposomes...

During development, macrophages invade organs to establish phenotypically and transcriptionally distinct tissue-resident populations. How they colonize these is unclear. In particular, it remains be established whether arise from naive equivalents that randomly or there are committed follow pre-determined migration paths. Here, by using a combination of genetics imaging approaches in the zebrafish embryo, we have addressed how brain become microglia. Identification cloning mutant lacks...

In sensory cortex of brain it is often the case that neurons are spatially organized by their functional properties. A hallmark primary visual (V1) in higher mammals a columnar map, where tuned to different stimuli features regularly space. However, rodent at odds with this rule and lacks any ordered architecture, rather neuron feature preference haphazardly patterns termed "salt-and-pepper". This sharp contrast organization between cortices rodents has been persistent mystery, fueled part...

The interaction of traveling waves, with both Marangoni and buoyancy driven flows, can generate an extraordinary rich array patterns ranging from stationary structures to chaotic waves. However, the inherent complexity reaction-diffusion-convection (RDC) systems makes explanation patterning mechanisms very difficult, numerically experimentally. In this paper, we describe appearance segmented waves in a shallow layer excitable Belousov-Zhabotinsky solution. segmentation process was found be...

ABSTRACT The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a complex retrovirus that causes adult T cell and of HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. mRNA some retroviruses, including the simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV SIV), can initiate translation using canonical cap-dependent mechanism or through an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). In this study, we present strong evidence showing like HIV-1 SIV, 5′-untranslated region (5′UTR) HTLV-1 full-length harbors IRES....

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a halogenated aliphatic organic compound frequently detected as pollutant in soils and ground water. To study the fate of TCE water to devise effective remediation strategies, series advection‐diffusion (dispersion) models, where diffusion coefficient (D ) an important parameter, have been developed. However, D has never experimentally determined only theoretical values ( cm 2 s −1 at 25°C) are present literature. A new method based on Taylor dispersion technique,...

Shape transformations and budding of phospholipid/fatty acid giant vesicles can be induced by an internal chemical stimulus (pH change) when coupled with osmotic shock. A kinetic model the ADE theory help to clarify mechanism.

Formation of spatially periodic patterns is a ubiquitous process in nature and man-made systems. Periodic precipitation the oldest type pattern formation, which formed colloid particles are self-assembled into sequence separated zones solid hydrogels. Chemical systems exhibiting mostly comprise oppositely charged inorganic ions. Here, we present new sub-group this phenomenon driven by diffusion reaction several transition metal cations (Zn2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ni2+) with an...

Abstract We measure cross‐diffusion coefficients in a five‐component system, an aerosol OT (AOT) water‐in‐oil microemulsion loaded with two constituents of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction (H 2 O/AOT/BZ1/BZ2/octane). The species BZ1 is either NaBr, inhibitor BZ reaction, or ferroin, catalyst for reaction. As BZ2, we choose Br , intermediate between and BZ2 are found to be negative, which can understood terms complexation these species. Using four‐variable model find that measured here...

Cross-diffusion phenomena are experimentally and theoretically shown to be able induce convective fingering around an initially stable stratification of two microemulsions with different compositions.

Networks of diffusively coupled inorganic oscillators, confined in nano- and microcompartments, are effective for predicting understanding the global dynamics those systems where diffusion activatory or inhibitory signals regulates communication among different individuals. By taking advantage a microfluidic device, we study arrays Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) oscillators encapsulated water-in-oil single emulsions. New synchronization patterns induced controlled by modulating structural...