We investigated performance, energy metabolism, acid–base balance, and endocrine responses to repeated-sprint exercise in hot and/or hypoxic environment. In a single-blind, cross-over study, 10 male highly trained athletes completed repeated cycle sprint (3 sets of 3 × 10-s maximal sprints with 40-s passive recovery) under four conditions (control [CON; 20℃, 50% rH, FiO2: 20.9%; sea level], hypoxia [HYP; 14.5%; simulated altitude 3,000 m], [HOT; 35℃, + [HH; m]). Changes power output, muscle...

Hepcidin is a liver-derived hormone that regulates iron metabolism. Recent studies suggest an energy-deficient diet or low carbohydrate (CHO) availability may increase hepcidin in the absence of inflammation. The purpose present study was to examine impact either ED with CHO intake during three consecutive days on responses, hematological variables, and energy metabolism young Japanese women. Twenty-two females were divided into two different groups, group (ED + LCHO; 2.0 ± 0.3 g/kg/day CHO,...

Background Hepcidin is an iron regulating hormone, and exercise-induced hepcidin elevation suggested to increase the risk of deficiency among athletes. Objective We compared serum responses resistance exercise endurance (cycling) exercise. Methods Ten males [mean ± standard error: 172 2 cm, body weight: 70 kg] performed three trials: a trial (RE), (END), rest (REST). The RE consisted 60 min (3−5 sets × 12 repetitions, 8 exercises) at 65% one repetition maximum, while cycling V˙O2max was in...

[Purpose] The present study investigated the effect of endurance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) performed at either 25% maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2 max) or 40% V˙O2 on muscle oxygenation, energy metabolism, and endocrine responses. [Methods] Ten males were recruited in study. subjects three trials: (1) max without BFR (NBFR40), (2) (BFR25), (3) (BFR40). exercises for 15 min during which pedaling frequency was set 70 rpm. In BFR25 BFR40, 2 pressure phase (equivalent to 160 mmHg)...

Purpose We explored the effect of heat stress during an acute endurance exercise session in hypoxia on erythropoietin (EPO) response. Methods A total 12 healthy males cycled at a constant workload (60% power output associated with their maximal oxygen uptake under each respective condition) for 60 min three different environments: hot and (H+H; fraction inspiratory or FiO2: 14.5%, 32℃), (HYP; 23℃), normoxia (NOR; 20.9%, 23℃). After completing exercise, participants remained chamber 3 h to...

The purpose of the present study was to determine effects partial sleep deprivation (PSD) after an exercise session in evening on endurance exercise-induced hepcidin response following morning. Ten recreationally trained males participated under two different conditions. Each condition consisted 2 consecutive days training (days 1 and 2). On day 1, participants ran for 60 min at 75% maximal oxygen uptake ( V˙ O2max ) followed by 100 drop jumps. Sleep duration night manipulated, with a normal...

Purpose Endurance exercise in hypoxia promotes carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism. However, detailed CHO metabolism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects endurance moderate on exogenous glucose oxidation at same energy expenditure or relative intensity. Methods Nine active healthy males completed three trials different days, consisting 30 min running each intensity: (a) 65% normoxic maximal oxygen uptake normoxia [NOR, fraction inspired (FiO2) = 20.9%, 10.6 ± 0.3...

The aim of the present study was to examine effects a combined hot and hypoxic environment on muscle oxygenation performance during repeated cycling sprints. In single-blind, counterbalanced, cross-over research design, 10 male athletes performed three sets 3 × 10-s maximal pedaling interspersed with 40-s recovery between sprints under four different environments. Each condition consisted control (CON; 20°C, 20.9% FiO2), normobaric hypoxia (HYP; 14.5% (HOT; 35°C, (HH; FiO2). Power output...

The effect of biosynthetic human epidermal growth factor (Bh-EGF) as well mouse EGF on postnatal development mice ICR strain was examined. Daily administration Bh-EGF (0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 microgram X g body wt-1 day-1) for 30 consecutive days postpartum caused a clearly dose-dependent increase in their weight. Furthermore, addition to the well-known premature eyelid opening early tooth eruption, we have also observed precocious vagina among treated females. As far accelerated rate reflected...

Exercise-induced hemolysis, which is caused by metabolic and/or mechanical stress during exercise, considered a potential factor for upregulating hepcidin. Intramuscular carnosine has multiple effects including antioxidant activity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether long-term carnosine/anserine supplementation modulates exercise-induced hemolysis and subsequent hepcidin elevation.Seventeen healthy male participants were allocated two different groups: consuming 1,500 mg/day of...

Aspartate supplementation has been reported to improve endurance performance by facilitating the tricarboxylic acid cycle flux. The present study was performed investigate effects of aspartate on repeated-sprint and blood pH. Following an overnight fast, fourteen healthy males completed three sets 10 × 6 s maximal sprints after consuming sodium L-aspartate (ASP) or placebo (PLA), in a double-blind manner. Both supplements were taken twice each test day (2 4.5 g). Exercise (e.g., cadence...

[Purpose] We examined the effects of diet before endurance exercise on hepcidin response in young untrained females. [Methods] Ten females [age: 20.6 ± 0.8 y, height: 157.5 1.0 cm, weight: 54.4 1.5 kg, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max): 35.9 1.1 mL/kg/min] were involved two experimental conditions with a crossover design. The separated by approximately 1 month, each condition was performed during follicular phase. Subjects completed 60 min pedaling at 65% VO2max after consuming meal (FED)...

Hypoxic training has been shown to improve aerobic capacity because hypoxia stimulates erythropoiesis due increased erythropoietin (EPO) production. However, it takes several weeks increase hemoglobin mass during endurance in hypoxia. In the present study, we have focused on combined effects of "hypoxia" and "heat stress" for EPO Considering that exercise under heat condition augments plasma volume, hypoxic conditions may promote additively erythropoiesis. PURPOSE: The purpose study was...

During sprint exercise in hypoxia, anaerobic energy supply is increased with augmented blood volume muscle. Exposure to heat stress also increases and the Therefore, combined treatments of “hypoxic exposure” “heat stress” may cause further above responses. PURPOSE: To determine effect hypoxic conditions on physiological responses repeated exercise. METHODS: Ten male athletes (19.6 ± 0.3 yrs, 173.3 2.2 cm, 71.6 1.8 kg) completed (three sets 3 × 10 s maximal pedaling exercise) under four...

The effects of aspartate for exercise performance have been investigated since 1950s. Aspartate may improve endurance in humans, while no effect on muscular and strength has observed. Potential mechanisms improved (e.g., attenuated exercise-induced hyperammonemia, promoted muscle glycogen sparing, free fatty acid oxidation gluconeogenesis) were suggested. However, repeated sprint is unknown. PURPOSE: present study was designed to determine the sodium L-aspartate supplementation cycling...

Hepcidin is a liver-derived hormone that regulates iron metabolism by suppressing absorption in duodenum and recycling from macrophages. Endurance exercise augments interleukin-6 (IL-6) immediately post-exercise, subsequently resulting hepcidin elevation. In addition, reduction of muscle glycogen content has been shown to increase exercise-induced IL-6. Branched-chain amino acid supplementations (BCAAs) are oxidized utilized for energy production during exercise. Amino mixture delays fatigue...

Endurance exercise has been known to be a potent procedure avoid obesity and useful for preventing cardiovascular diseases hyperglycemia. Several types of modalities (e.g., walking, running, swimming) are currently utilized, but walking is highly accessible. Although general performed around 4-5 km/h, at faster speed (i.e., fast brisk walking) increasing attention. In previous study, five months (FW) increased maximal oxygen uptake lowered blood pressure (Nemoto et al., 2007). However,...

Exercise-induced hepcidin elevations reduce iron absorption and/or recycling. A state of low energy availability (LEA) may augment post-exercise levels. However, the effects difference in macronutrient intake, especially carbohydrate (CHO), on regulation when a LEA pre and during exercise are unclear. PURPOSE: To examine effect different CHO intakes exercise-induced elevation endurance training completed under status. METHODS: Nineteen active men women allocated to with higher (HCHO, 70%CHO;...