Filamentous fungi are considered to be the most important group of microorganisms for production plant cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE), in solid state fermentations. In this study, two fungal strains Aspergillus niger MS23 and terreus MS105 were screened CWDE such as amylase, pectinase, xylanase cellulases (β-glucosidase, endoglucanase filterpaperase) using a novel substrate, Banana Peels (BP) SSF process. This is first best our knowledge, use BP substrate by co-culture strains. The...

Local communities in mining regions are vulnerable to water scarcity risks caused by extensive and changing climate. To mitigate such risks, we adopt a non-market valuation of low income communities’ preferences for improved access services, as an effort develop pro-poor policies that bring long-term security benefits the local people. Using data collected from 268 households site Thar coalfield (Pakistan), examine household willingness pay (WTP) all major uses based on hypothetical policy...

There is a great volume of polluted soil by 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) manufacturing wastewater containing dozen nitrocompounds in China. In this study, biostimulation was used for remediating the explosive-polluted aerobic bioslurry monitoring removal total organic carbon (TOC). The results showed that pulp density had almost no effect on TOC removal; whereas acetone addition evidently improved remediation efficiency intrinsic microorganism, and increased from 25% to 38.4% when dose 0% 4%...

In the backdrop of COVID19 recovery, Pakistan is still struggling to cope with economic challenges and disruptions caused in energy supply chain. On one hand where COVID has brought serious socio-economic costs prolonged delays, it also provided opportunity for developing countries such as “build-forward-better” their economies a more sustainable climate friendly manner. This study particularly highlights impact on demand sectors Pakistan, its near- long-term impacts, what policy...

The temperature and concentration dependences of the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) associated activation volume in binary solid solutions based on cadmium magnesium are analysed terms kink-pair nucleation model solid-solution hardening (SSH). Numerical calculations parameters plastic deformation show that alloy crystals containing 0.005 to 15 at% solute, dislocation segment involved process gets unpinned from several solute atoms simultaneously. A single mechanism SSH is therefore...

Roster management is seen to be an essential component of Health care settings. Rostering for hospital staff in general and nurses particular challenging because variety issues demands many shifts days. Job satisfaction indicator the services provided a specific healthcare facility. job are very much dependent on each other although roster complex task. Objectives: The study objective was identify impact nurse nurses’ Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional...

This study aims to analyze the existing market status of lighting technologies in Pakistan, policy and regulatory framework, key driving factors which have led growth LED technology both rural urban areas. The results obtained from an extensive survey backed by literature on landscape energy efficiency showed that has penetrated approximately 95% market. With a low payback period high return rates, entire transition toward can lower mercury pollution 700 kg, carbon dioxide 33,000 kt, save...

The Covid-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc throughout the world, with 150 million cases to date and over 3 lives claimed worldwide Objectives: To assess immediate side effects of vaccination among people Pakistan Study Design: Randomized, descriptive cross-sectional study Methodology: Present was carried out using an online questionnaire by enrolling 17040 subjects. Inclusion/Exclusion criteria: All citizens age 12, who were eligible for COVID-19 enrolled. Statistical analysis: Data analyzed...

Objectives: To study the correlation between recovery time and hemoglobin level in COVID-19 infected patients. Study Design: Observational study. Setting: Rawal Institute of Health Sciences Islamabad, Pakistan Medical Islamabad. Period: February 2021 to June 2021. Material & Methods: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 27.Mann Whitney U test used compare duration among groups spearman's applied for correlating with Hb levels Result: Group 1 patients recovered within 14 days group 2...

Regarding the bridging of existing gap around economic assessment waste-to-energy (WTE) conversion technologies in Pakistan, this study performs a techno-economic energy generation through both thermal and biochemical processes. The levelized cost electricity (LCOE) serves as fundamental parameter for analyzing viability these processes their comparison with other Based on results, essential components bioenergy supply chain have been identified, which can be lowered significantly....

Objective: To determine the levels of anti-spike protein (S) antibody against SARS-CoV-2 among Vaccinated Healthcare workers Islamabad.Methodology: Cross-sectional Observational study carried out at HBS General Hospital from March 2021 till May involving healthcare Hospital, Rawal Polyclinic and PIMS. The non-probability sampling technique was used. included male female over age 18 who had received their second dose vaccine least 2 weeks before sample collection no more than 8...

Period poverty is the lack of access to menstrual supplies, hygiene education, and waste management which can lead severe health outcomes. In developing countries like Pakistan, menstruation practices still face many social, cultural, religious restrictions, form a barrier creating awareness, especially in less privileged areas country. However, present condition catastrophic floods Pakistan that has affected 33 million people leaving 1 homeless exposed women more vulnerable sexual...

For agriculture-based economies, energy generation through biomass is currently among the few practical means for overcoming and environmental crisis. However, economic assessment bioenergy poses significant challenges to developing nations due limited availability of data existing financial models. This study therefore conducts an Pakistan based on Levelized Cost Electricity (LCOE) those technologies which are commercially available in countries. These vary from thermal processes such as...