The effects of increasing relative humidity (RH) on fluidization/defluidization are investigated experimentally and understood via particle‐level predictions for the resulting capillary force. Experimentally, defluidization is found to be more sensitive small changes in RH than fluidization. This sensitivity captured by a new velocity U df , which characterizes curvature plot (pressure drop vs. velocity) observed between fully‐fluidized (constant pressure drop) packed‐bed (linear dependence...

Agricultural activities in the Midwestern United States have potentially altered geochemical fluxes within critical zone (CZ) compared to native prairie systems that previously dominated region. To quantify impact of agricultural land use on soil and stream solute behavior, we studied two watersheds region: Glacier Creek Preserve (GCP) eastern Nebraska Intensively Managed Landscapes Critical Zone Observatory (IML-CZO) Iowa. Both were initially under for over 100 years, but part each...

Abstract: The U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood maps depict the 100‐year recurrence interval floodplain boundary as a single line. However, because of natural variability and model uncertainty, no extents can be accurately defined by This article presents new approach to mapping that takes advantage accepted methodologies in hydrologic hydraulic analysis while including effects uncertainty. In this approach, computed boundaries are continuous map probabilities, rather...

Utah Lake is highly eutrophic with large phosphorous inflows and a internal reservoir in the sediment. There are debates over whether this from geologic or more recent anthropologic sources. This study characterizes total current lake sediments to attempt address that question. The average concentrations sediment were 666 ppm, most samples 600 800 ppm range few larger values. Concentrations historic not statistically different sediments. A spatial analysis showed distributions appeared...

Computer‐based terrain models have become increasingly popular as a tool for automating much of the geometrical data acquisition necessary hydrologic analyses. An algorithm is presented that uses triangulated irregular networks (TINs) to accurately delineate drainage‐basin boundaries. Boundary delineation can be performed areas drain individual points or stream defined on TIN. A special feature segments network need not correspond channel edges. This allows greater flexibility in defining...

Utah Lake is unusual due to its large surface area, shallow depth, phosphorus-rich sediments, and well-mixed, unstratified waters. This creates conditions where water column phosphorous concentrations tend toward equilibrium, with lake sediments containing high of geologic phosphorus. To help understand the potential impact load reductions, we computed a time history phosphorus mass in using state federal records volume, dissolved concentrations, outflow. We show that historically, have...

Remote sensing models estimate chlorophyll concentrations by correlating spectral reflectance and reservoir chlorophyll. Different algal populations have different signatures thus correlation models, an issue typically addressed developing applying a model using the same satellite image. Here we exploit these population differences seasonal that can be applied to other images from season. We rely on succession assume phytoplankton is relatively constant over season, dividing growth season...

Atmospheric nutrient loading through wet and dry deposition is one of the least understood, yet can be most important, pathways transport into lakes reservoirs. Nutrients, specifically phosphorus nitrogen, are essential for aquatic life but in excess cause accelerated algae growth eutrophication a major factor that causes harmful algal blooms (HABs) occur Utah Lake subject to HABs. It susceptible atmospheric due its large surface area volume ratio, high phosphorous levels local soils,...

Atmospheric deposition (AD) is a less understood and quantified source of nutrient loading to waterbodies. AD occurs via settling (large particulates), contact (smaller particulates gaseous matter), precipitation (rain, snow) transport pathways. Utah Lake shallow eutrophic freshwater lake located in central Utah, USA, with geophysical characteristics that make it particularly susceptible AD-related loading. Studies have shown be significant contributor the lake’s budget. This study analyzes...

The amplitude and phase of temperature waves associated with plane progressive were determined in a laboratory experiment under range conditions, including wind speeds between 1 10 m/s water‐air differences 2.5°C 20°C. Temperature found, at low the results are rough agreement Writing's (1972) theory. However, character is strongly dependent on speed. Hence change as energy transfer across air‐water interface comes to be dominated by latent sensible heat high speeds. Radiation major mechanism

We describe modified sampling and analysis methods to quantify nutrient atmospheric deposition (AD) estimate Utah Lake loading. address criticisms of previous published collection methods, specifically table height, screened buckets, assumptions AD spatial patterns. generally follow National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) recommendations but deviate measure lake AD, which includes from both local long-range sources. The NADP guidelines are designed eliminate contributions the extent...

Significance We show that nano‐scale changes in surface roughness affect the macro‐scale (many‐particle) behavior of granular materials influenced by cohesion. Macro‐scale effects are investigated for conditions where cohesion is dominated either humidity‐induced or van der Waals‐induced forces. Surface‐topography measurements used to calculate relevant interparticle cohesive The (force‐dominated) explained via ratio predicted force gravity, thus reinforcing importance © 2017 American...

Due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (spring 2020), universities quickly moved remote instruction. Our research during this time frame included investigating course-based undergraduate experiences (CUREs) in General Chemistry, and we found ourselves middle of a CURE study without any laboratory component (aka "CURE-disrupted"). While literature surrounding importance CUREs is extensive, based on our search, posit that first report demonstrating student outcomes when given offering actually...

Abstract The probability of the presence snow cover at a given location over time is critical input to hydrologic simulation models in snowpack‐driven watersheds. While number open access web mapping tile services exist for viewing images current and historical large regions, no equally accessible tools extracting numerical series data defined particular point locations. This article presents design, development, testing new source script application extraction from map images. deployed as...