Scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy and multiphoton were used to image the uptake of protein lysozyme into individual ion exchange chromatography particles in a packed bed real time. Self-sharpening concentration fronts penetrating observed at low salt concentrations all adsorbents studied, but persisted 100 mM ionic strength only some materials. In other adsorbents, diffuse profiles seen these higher concentrations, with transition region exhibiting pronounced peak front intermediate...

Abstract Fluorescence scanning confocal microscopy was used in parallel with batch uptake and breakthrough measurements of transport rates to study the effect ionic strength on lysozyme into SP Sepharose FF. In all cases adsorption isotherms were near‐rectangular. As described previously, intraparticle profiles changed from slow‐moving self‐sharpening fronts at low salt concentration, fast‐moving diffuse high correspondingly increased increasing concentration. Shrinking core homogeneous...

Abstract. Given the prevalence of alcohol consumption and relative infrequency harm among college students, authors sought to determine how most students protect themselves from alcohol-related harm. An analysis aggregate National College Health Assessment data identified a cluster personal protective behaviors that correlated with reduced risk when drinking. Further revealed nearly three-quarters student drinkers regularly employ at least 1 behavior, well over half who use routinely 2 or...

Predicting protein elution for overloaded ion exchange columns requires models capable of describing binding over broad ranges and salt concentrations. Although approximate mechanistic are available, they do not always have the accuracy needed precise predictions. The aim this work is to develop a method predict chromatographic behavior from batch isotherm data without relying on model. uses systematic empirical interpolation (EI) scheme coupled with lumped kinetic model rate parameters...

A methodology is presented to predict protein elution behavior from an ion exchange column using both individual or combined pH and salt gradients based on high-throughput batch isotherm data. The buffer compositions are first optimized generate linear 5.5 7 with defined concentrations of sodium chloride. Next, data collected for a monoclonal antibody the cation resin POROS XS over range concentrations, solution pH. Finally, previously developed empirical interpolation (EI) method extended...

A previously developed empirical interpolation (EI) method is extended to predict highly overloaded multicomponent elution behavior on a cation exchange (CEX) column based batch isotherm data. Instead of fully mechanistic model, the EI employs an empirically modified Langmuir equation correlate two-component adsorption data at different salt concentrations. Piecewise cubic interpolating polynomials are then used competitive binding intermediate The approach tested for separation monoclonal...

General Introduction I: JESUS IN JUDAISM: THE CLASSIC TEXTS Jewish Perceptions of Jesus: Key Issues 1. Dangerous Times for Jews 2. The Rejected Disciple 3. A Teacher Law 4. Bible Testifies Against the Deity Jesus 5. Church - Not is Heretic 6. Evangelist to Gentiles 7. Reasons Silence on 8. An Unoriginal Pharisee 9. Forerunner Reform Jew 10. Value Gospels a 11. Prophet 12. Destroyer Culture and Nation 13. Soil 14. No Sentimental Love Closing Reflection Questions Discussion Guide Further...

Intracellular barriers to adeno-associated virus (AAV) transduction may limit gene delivery. We screened a short interfering RNA (siRNA) library targeting 5,520 genes help identify pathways that modulate AAV of human endothelium. In replicate screening, 50 pools (three siRNAs per gene) resulted in greater than eightfold reporter expression enhancement. Single siRNA confirmation tests demonstrated at least one from each the top 10 provided twofold Several when used together additive effects...

ABSTRACT A robust, economical process should leverage proven technology, yet be flexible enough to adopt emerging technologies which show significant benefit. Antibody and Fc‐fusion processes may capitalize on the high selectivity of an affinity capture step by reducing total number chromatographic steps 2. Risk associated with this approach stems from potentially increased time frame needed for development as well unforeseen changes in impurity profile during first scale‐up drug substance...

Assessment of compound permeability through a Caco-2 cell monolayer is well-accepted model to evaluate its in-vivo potential and transporter interaction. While this assay has commonly been conducted using 24-well plate format, miniaturised 96-well format highly desirable achieve greater capacity higher efficiency.Previous attempts convert from at our lab, however, had met with varied efflux capacities unacceptable ratios for digoxin, substrate P-glycoprotein (Pgp), which indicated inadequate...

Some barriers to DNA lipofection are well characterized; however, there is as yet no method of finding unknown pathways that impact the process. A druggable genome small-interfering RNA (siRNA) screen against 5,520 genes was tested for its effect on human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). We found 130 gene targets which, when silenced by pooled siRNAs (three per gene), resulted in enhanced luminescence after (86 showed reduced expression). In confirmation tests with single siRNAs, 18 hits...

High‐throughput process development (HTPD) techniques are routinely used for making initial screening decisions, scaling up unit operations, and developing models operations. With increased pressure to deliver candidate molecules the clinic, HTPD approaches have become a necessity. Because of this reliance on methods, fidelity data is critical importance. Improving robustness each technique requires systematic consideration step involved. In work, multiple aspects high‐throughput...

High throughput process development offers unique approaches to explore complex design spaces with relatively low material consumption. Batch chromatography is one technique that can be used screen chromatographic conditions in a 96-well plate. Typical batch workflows examine variations buffer or comparison of multiple resins given process, as opposed the assessment protein loading combination other factors. A modification paradigm described here where experimental planning, programming, and...

In this study, experimental conditions that allow for accurate measurement of active site densities on supported vanadia catalysts by gravimetric analysis methanol uptake were determined. Gravimetric measurements coupled with temperature-programmed desorption showed following adsorption at room temperature physisorbed is present the catalyst partial pressures greater than ∼10-9 Torr. The weakly bound species could be avoided 373 K. Adsorption temperature, however, resulted in reduction...

Endocytosis of non-viral vectors delivers them first to early endosomal compartments followed quickly by late endosomes. Vectors are then subject possible sequestration lysosomes. The acidic environment within lysosomes activates nucleases which cause vector degradation. Deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II) is an endonuclease most active at pH 4.5, primarily in lysosomal due their low pH. DNase has been identified as a barrier transfection, degradation upon sequestration. However, the...

The purpose of this article is to bring the fruit Jewish study on Jesus over past 50 years bear how may be presented in Religious Studies at undergraduate level. It will observed that historical widely misunderstood and confusion arises from two significant sources. first these studies tend confined discipline Christian Theology (thus perspectives offer a necessary corrective). second thematic approach religions, endemic many secondary school Education (RE) syllabi, result student having...