Convergence analysis of stochastic gradient adaptive filters using the sign algorithm is presented in this paper. The methods currently available literature assume that input signals to filter are white. This restriction removed for Gaussian our analysis. Expressions second moment coefficient vector and steady-state error power also derived. Simulation results presented, theoretical empirical curves show a very good match.

All aerial parts of vascular plants are covered with cuticular waxes, which synthesized by extensive export intracellular lipids from epidermal cells to the surface. Although it has been suggested that plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) involved in transport, planta evidence is still not clear. In this study, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored LTP (LTPG1) showing higher expression peels stems than was identified an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome-wide microarray analysis....

In this paper, we propose a people counting algorithm using an impulse radio ultra-wideband radar sensor. The proposed is based on strategy of understanding the pattern received signal according to number people, not detecting each large in radar's signal. To understand signal, detect major clusters from and find amplitudes main pulses having maximum amplitude among constituting cluster. We generate probability density function distances. Then, derive likelihood (ML) equation for counting....

The competition between quality and productivity has been a major issue for large-scale applications of two-dimensional materials (2DMs). Until now, the top-down mechanical cleavage method guaranteed pure perfect 2DMs, but it considered poor option in terms manufacturing. Here, we present layer-engineered exfoliation technique graphene that not only allows us to obtain large-size graphene, up millimeter size, also selective thickness control. A thin metal film evaporated on graphite induces...

The vital sign monitoring through Impulse Radio Ultra-Wide Band (IR-UWB) radar provides continuous assessment of a patient’s respiration and heart rates in non-invasive manner. In this paper, IR UWB is used for the human rate. breathing rate frequencies are extracted from signal reflected body. A Kalman filter applied to reduce measurement noise signal. An algorithm presented separate harmonics. auto-correlation based technique detecting random body movements (RBM) during process....

With a dramatic growth in the drone market recent years, amount of research efforts dedicated to drones increases correspondingly. However, short battery life severely restricts applications unmanned aerial vehicles and has proven be hard issue tackle. Among various solutions for this problem, an automatic charging station can utilized. This paper proposes fully which operates wirelessly. The also allows imprecise landing UAV on platform, is often case practical systems. Application proposed...

We discovered that impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar could recognize cardiac motions in a non-contact fashion. Therefore, we measured the heart rate (HR) and rhythms using an IR-UWB sensor evaluated validity reliability of measurements comparison to electrocardiography. The beats were 6 healthy volunteers (18 samples) with normal sinus rhythm (NSR) 16 patients (36 atrial fibrillation (AF) both electrocardiography simultaneously. participants hold their breath for 20 seconds during...

In order to avoid car crashes, active safety systems are becoming more and important. Many crashes caused due driver drowsiness or mobile phone usage. Detecting the of is very important for a car. Monitoring vital signs such as respiration rate heart determine occurrence drowsiness. this paper, robust monitoring through impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar discussed. We propose new algorithm that can estimate even if there motion by driving activities. analyzed whole fast time...

In this paper, we propose system based on impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar sensors for counting multiple people passing through a passage or wide door. The proposed utilizes two IR-UWB equipped with antennas which have narrow beam width to form invisible electronic layers in the path. are used sensing and direction recognition of by. Algorithmically, person path performed considering both information received signal each mutual between signals. is implemented modules designed...

In this paper, we classify digits written in mid-air using hand gestures. Impulse radio ultrawideband (IR-UWB) radar sensors are used for data acquisition, with three placed a triangular geometry. Conventional radar-based gesture recognition methods use whole raw matrices or group of features classification convolutional neural networks (CNNs) other machine learning algorithms. However, if the training and testing differ distance, orientation, shape, size, even speed setup environment, these...

The emerging integration of technology in daily lives has increased the need for more convenient methods human–computer interaction (HCI). Given that existing HCI approaches exhibit various limitations, hand gesture recognition-based may serve as a natural mode man–machine many situations. Inspired by an inception module-based deep-learning network (GoogLeNet), this paper presents novel recognition technique impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radars which demonstrates higher accuracy....

In this paper, we compare the performances of impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) and frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) radars in measuring noncontact vital signs such as respiration rate heart rate. These two type have been widely used various fields shown their applicability to extract ways. IR-UWB radar can using distance information. On other hand, FMCW requires phase information estimate signs, result be enhanced with Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) antenna topologies. By...

Hand gestures, being a convenient and natural way of communication, is getting huge attention for human–computer interface designs. Among these detecting mid-air writing one the most promising applications. Existing radar-based solutions often perform recognition by tracking hand trajectory using multiple monostatic or bistatic radars. This article presents multistream convolutional neural network (MS-CNN)-based in-air digits method frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar. With FMCW...

Semi-infinite single-atom-thick graphene is an ideal reinforcing material that can simultaneously improve the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of matrix. Here, we present a float-stacking strategy to accurately align monolayer reinforcement in polymer We float graphene-poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) membrane (GPM) at water-air interface, wind-up layer-by-layer by roller. During stacking process, inherent water meniscus continuously induces web tension GPM, suppressing wrinkle...

Printed strain sensors have promising potential as a human-machine interface (HMI) for health-monitoring systems, human-friendly wearable interactive and smart robotics. Herein, flexible based on carbon nanotube (CNT)-polymer composites were fabricated by meniscus-guided printing using CNT ink formulated from multiwall nanotubes (MWNTs) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); the was suitable micropatterning nonflat (or curved) substrates even three-dimensional structures. The printed exhibit...

An improved analytical method compared with conventional ones was developed for simultaneous determination of 13 mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, 3-acetylnivalenol, aflatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂, fumonisin T-2, HT-2, zearalenone, and ochratoxin A) in cereal grains by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) after a single immunoaffinity column clean-up. The showed good linearity, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy mycotoxin LC/MS/MS. levels 5 types commercial (brown rice,...

Modern cars continue to offer more and functionalities due which they need a growing number of commands. As the driver tries monitor road graphic user interface simultaneously, his/her overall efficiency is reduced. In order reduce visual attention necessary for monitoring, gesture-based very important. this paper, gesture recognition vehicle through impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar discussed. The gestures can be used control different electronic devices inside vehicle. are based...

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a next-generation free-form manufacturing technology for structural electronics. The realization of electronic devices necessitates the direct integration circuits into 3D objects. However, creating highly conductive, high-resolution patterns in remains major challenge. Here, we report on metallic method that incorporates electroless deposition (ELD) ink writing method. Our approach consists two steps: (1) catalyst microstructures with functional containing...

Vital sign monitoring in neonates requires adhesive electrodes, which often damage fragile newborn skin. Because impulse radio ultrawideband (IR-UWB) radar has been reported to recognize chest movement without contact adult humans, IR-UWB may be used measure respiratory rates (RRs) a non-contact fashion. We investigated the feasibility of sensors for respiration any support compare accuracy and reliability measurements with those conventional impedance pneumography measurements. In neonatal...

Abstract While full-night polysomnography is the gold standard for diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea, its limitations include a high cost and first-night effects. This study developed an algorithm detection respiratory events based on impulse-radio ultra-wideband radar verified feasibility apnea. A total 94 subjects were enrolled in this (23 controls 24, 14, 33 with mild, moderate, severe respectively). Abnormal breathing detected by was defined as drop peak signal ≥30% from that...

Abstract In the past few decades, deep learning algorithms have become more prevalent for signal detection and classification. To design machine algorithms, however, an adequate dataset is required. Motivated by existence of several open-source camera-based hand gesture datasets, this descriptor presents UWB-Gestures, first public twelve dynamic gestures acquired with ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radars. The contains a total 9,600 samples gathered from eight different human volunteers....

The unprecedented non-contact, non-invasive, and privacy-preserving nature of radar sensors has enabled various healthcare applications, including vital sign monitoring, fall detection, gait analysis, activity recognition, fitness evaluation, sleep monitoring. Machine learning (ML) is revolutionizing every domain, with radar-based being no exception. Progress in the field radars ML complementing existing industry. This article provides an overview usage for two major applications: monitoring...