A5040255885- Marine animal studies overview
- Underwater Acoustics Research
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Marine and fisheries research
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Water Quality Monitoring Technologies
- Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems
- Maritime and Coastal Archaeology
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Cephalopods and Marine Biology
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Ichthyology and Marine Biology
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Turtle Biology and Conservation
- Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Image Enhancement Techniques
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Maritime Navigation and Safety
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Energy and Environment Impacts
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
2015-2024
University of California, San Diego
2013-2024
San Diego State University
2018-2021
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2019
SeaWorld Entertainment
2019
Beaked whales are deep diving elusive animals, difficult to census with conventional visual surveys. Methods presented for the density estimation of beaked whales, using passive acoustic monitoring data collected at sites in Gulf Mexico (GOM) from period during and following Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2010-2013). whale species detected include: Gervais' (Mesoplodon europaeus), Cuvier's (Ziphius cavirostris), Blainville's densirostris) an unknown Mesoplodon sp. (designated as Whale - BWG)....
Delphinids produce large numbers of short duration, broadband echolocation clicks which may be useful for species classification in passive acoustic monitoring efforts. A challenge click is to overcome the many sources variability recognize underlying patterns across detections. An automated unsupervised network-based method was developed simulate approach a human analyst uses when categorizing types: Clusters similar were identified by incorporating multiple characteristics (spectral shape...
An empirical model for wind-generated underwater noise is presented that was developed using an extensive dataset of acoustic field recordings and a global wind model. These data encompass more than one hundred years recording-time capture high events, were collected both on shallow continental shelves in open ocean deep-water settings. The aims to explicitly separate generated by wind-related sources from produced anthropogenic sources. Two key sound-generating mechanisms considered are:...
Machine learning algorithms, including recent advances in deep learning, are promising for tools detection and classification of broadband high frequency signals passive acoustic recordings. However, these methods generally data-hungry progress has been limited by challenges related to the lack labeled datasets adequate training testing. Large quantities known as yet unidentified signal types mingle marine recordings, with variability introduced propagation, source depths orientations,...
Pygmy sperm whales (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf sima) are deep diving cetaceans that commonly strand along the coast of southeast US, but difficult to study visually at sea because their elusive behavior. Conventional visual surveys thought significantly underestimate presence Kogia they have proven approach for tracking tagging. An is presented density estimation signals presumed be from spp. based on passive acoustic monitoring data collected sites in Gulf Mexico (GOM) period following...
Passive acoustic monitoring has become an important data collection method, yielding massive datasets replete with biological, environmental and anthropogenic information. Automated signal detectors classifiers are needed to identify events within these datasets, such as the presence of species-specific sounds or noise. These automated methods, however, rarely a complete substitute for expert analyst review. The ability visualize annotate efficiently can enhance scientific insights from...
Abstract Commercial shipping is the dominant source of low-frequency noise in ocean. It has been shown that radiated by an individual vessel depends upon vessel’s speed. This study quantified reduction levels (SLs) and sound exposure (SELs) for ships participating two variations a speed (VSR) program. SLs SELs program between 2014 2017 were statistically lower than non-participating ( p < 0.001). In 2018 fleet-based program, there statistical differences fleets participated with varying...
Automatic algorithms for the detection and classification of sound are essential to analysis acoustic datasets with long duration. Metrics needed assess performance characteristics these algorithms. Four metrics evaluation discussed here: receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves, detection-error-trade-off (DET) precision-recall (PR) cost curves. These were applied generalized power law detector blue whale D calls [Helble, Ierley, D'Spain, Roch, Hildebrand (2012). J. Acoust. Soc. Am....
Marine soundscapes provide the opportunity to non-invasively learn about, monitor, and conserve ecosystems. Some fishes produce sound in chorus, often association with mating, there is much about fish choruses species producing them. Manually analyzing years of acoustic data increasingly unfeasible, especially challenging as multiple can co-occur time frequency overlap vessel noise other transient sounds. This study proposes an unsupervised automated method, called SoundScape Learning (SSL),...
Rice's whales (Balaenoptera ricei) are one of the most endangered marine mammal species in world. Their known distribution is restricted to Gulf Mexico (GoMx) and basic knowledge their ecology limited. In core area along northeastern GoMx shelf break (Rosel & Garrison, 2021), abundance was estimated at 51 individuals, 95% CI [20, 130], based on line transect surveys conducted during 2017 2018 (Garrison et al., 2020). Most whale sightings acoustic detections last 30 years occur this off...
To understand the extent of anthropogenic noise in ocean, it is essential to compare differences between modern environments and their pre-industrial equivalents. The Santa Barbara Channel, off coast Southern California, a corridor for transportation goods from busiest shipping ports Western hemisphere. Commercial ships introduce high levels underwater into marine environment. quantify region, we modeled ocean levels, driven by wind, resulting presence both wind. By comparing low-frequency...
Dolphins are known to produce nearly omnidirectional whistles that can propagate several kilometers, allowing these sounds be localized and tracked using acoustic arrays. During the fall of 2007, a km-scale array four autonomous recorders was deployed offshore southern California in dolphin habitat at ~800 m depth. Concurrently with one-month recording, fixed-point marine mammal visual survey conducted from moored research platform center array, providing daytime species behavior...
The container shipping line Maersk undertook a Radical Retrofit to improve the energy efficiency of twelve sister ships. Noise reduction, identified as potential added benefit retrofitting effort, was investigated in this study. A passive acoustic recording dataset from Santa Barbara Channel off Southern California used compile over 100 opportunistic vessel transits G-Class ships, pre- and post-retrofit. Post-retrofit, vessels’ capacity increased ~9,000 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs)...
Abstract Distribution models are needed to understand spatiotemporal patterns in cetacean occurrence and mitigate anthropogenic impacts. Shipboard line-transect visual surveys the standard method for estimating abundance describing distributions of populations. Ship-board provide high spatial resolution but lack temporal seasonal coverage. Stationary passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) employs sensors sample point locations nearly continuously, providing local habitats across days, seasons...
A combination of machine learning and expert analyst review was used to detect odontocete echolocation clicks, identify dominant click types, classify clicks in 32 years acoustic data collected at 11 autonomous monitoring sites the western North Atlantic between 2016 2019. Previously-described types for eight known species or genera were identified this set: Blainville’s beaked whales ( Mesoplodon densirostris ), Cuvier’s Ziphius cavirostris Gervais’ europaeus Sowerby’s bidens True’s mirus...
The probability of detecting echolocating delphinids on a near-seafloor sensor was estimated using two Monte Carlo simulation methods. One method the single click (cue counting); other group (group counting). Echolocation beam pattern and source level assumptions strongly influenced detectability predictions by cue counting model. Group also about behaviors. Model results were compared to in situ recordings encounters with Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) presumed pantropical spotted...
The 2010 Macondo oil well blowout consisted in a particularly intense, localized infusion of petroleum hydrocarbons to the deepwaters Gulf Mexico. A substantial amount these did not reach ocean surface but remained confined at depth within an intrusion layer about 1000 m depth. This layer, or plume, impacted Gulf's benthic, mesopelagic and pelagic ecosystems, damaging also fish mammals. review outlines challenges science community overcame since 2010, discoveries remaining open questions...
Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has proven a powerful tool for the study of marine mammals, allowing documentation biologically relevant factors such as movement patterns or animal behaviors while remaining largely non-invasive and cost effective. From 2008–2019, set PAM recordings covering frequency band most toothed whale (odontocete) echolocation clicks were collected at sites off islands Hawaiʻi, Kauaʻi, Pearl Hermes Reef. However, due to size this dataset complexity species-level...
This work demonstrates the effectiveness of using humans in loop processes for constructing large training sets machine learning tasks. A corpus over 57 000 toothed whale echolocation clicks was developed by a permissive energy-based detector followed machine-assisted quality control process that exploits contextual cues. Subsets these data were used to train feed forward neural networks detected 850 validated same process. It is shown this network architecture performs well variety contexts...
Abstract Tonal vocalizations or whistles produced by many species of delphinids range from simple tones to complex frequency contours. Whistle structure varies in duration, frequency, and composition between delphinid species, as well populations individuals. Categorization may be improved decomposition calls into simpler subunits, much like the use phonemes classification human speech. We identify a potential whistle scheme normalization process facilitate comparison subunits derived tonal...
The scale of the Deepwater Horizon disaster was and is unprecedented: geographic extent, pollutant amount, countermeasure scope, most relevance to this Research Topic issue, range ecotypes affected. These include coastal/nearshore, continental shelf, deep benthic, open-ocean domains, last which subject synthesis. ecotype comprises ~90% volume Gulf Mexico. exact percentage contaminated with toxins unknown due its three-dimensional nature dynamics, but estimates suggest that footprint...
Sound speed is a critical parameter in ocean acoustic studies, as it determines the propagation and interpretation of recorded sounds. The potential for exploiting oceanic vessel noise sound source opportunity to estimate profile investigated. A deep learning-based inversion scheme, relying upon underwater radiated moving vessels measured by single hydrophone, proposed. dataset used this study consists Automatic Identification System data recordings maritime transiting through Santa Barbara...