Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the major polyphenolic compound of green tea. Polyphenolic compounds were extracted from leaf Camellia sinensis (Japanese tea), and minimum inhibitory concentration against canine oral bacteria was measured. Subsequently, we investigated effects EGCG on growth bacteria. showed antimicrobial activity a model bacterium, Streptococcus mutans. Our results indicate that can inhibit biofilm formation S. mutans does not interact with streptococcal lipoteichoic...

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, most common neoplastic disease cattle, which closely related to human T‐cell viruses. BLV has spread worldwide and causes a serious problem for cattle industry. The cellular receptor specifically binds with viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), this attachment mediates cell fusion lead entry. Env reportedly cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1)/solute carrier family 7 member (SLC7A1), but whether CAT1/SLC7A1 an...

Abstract Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects cattle and causes serious problems for the industry, worldwide. Vertical transmission of BLV occurs via in utero infection ingestion infected milk colostrum. The aim this study was to clarify whether is a risk factor by quantifying proviral loads visualizing infectivity milk. We collected blood from 48 dams (46 seropositive 2 seronegative dams) seven farms Japan detected provirus 43 samples (89.6%) but only 22 (45.8%) using BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR-2....

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which causes enzootic bovine leukosis, is transmitted to calves through the milk of BLV-infected dams. leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 a polymorphic gene associated with BLV infectivity and proviral load (PVL). However, effect BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism on PVL from dams remains unknown. This study examined 259 dams, including susceptible carrying at least one BoLA-DRB3*012:01 or *015:01 allele high PVL, resistant BoLA-DRB3*002:01, *009:02, *014:01:01 low neutral other...

The Egyptian Rousettus bat ( aegyptiacus ) is a common fruit species that distributed mainly in Africa and the Middle East. Bats serve as reservoir hosts for numerous pathogens. Human activities, such hunting bats food, managing vermin, causing habitat loss, elevate likelihood of transmission pathogens to humans other animals. Consequently, cell lines play crucial role research materials investigating viral However, inherent limitation finite division primary cells necessitates use...

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is associated with enzootic bovine leukosis and closely related to human T cell (HTLV). The cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) plays a key role in suppressing the progression of disease caused by BLV. B epitopes BLV have been studied, but CD8(+) CTL remain poorly understood. We used library 115 synthetic peptides covering entirety Env proteins (gp51 gp30), Gag (p15, p24, p12), Tax protein identify 11 novel (gp51N5, gp51N11, gp51N12, gp30N5, gp30N6, gp30N8, gp30N16, tax16,...

Caries is a disease of human dentition characterized by the loss mineralized surfaces tooth; it an infectious oral cavity in which biofilms play causative role. Control has traditionally relied on non-specific removal plaque mechanical means such as brushing, although difficult to remove this method. also widespread infection children. Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus are important agents caries. They produce homologous exocellular polysaccharide called glucan, strongly adheres enamel...

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, most common neoplastic disease cattle. BLV closely related to human T cell virus. B epitopes are important for use antibodies as therapeutic agents, epitope-driven vaccine design, and immunological assays. A epitope has not yet been found due individual differences in susceptibility.We used a peptide microarray with 156 synthetic 15-mer peptides covering envelope glycoprotein gp51 Gag proteins p15, p24, p12 map...

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. Polymorphism in lymphocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 alleles related to susceptibility BLV proviral load (PVL), which a useful index for estimating disease progression and transmission risk. However, whether differential BoLA-DRB3 affects infectivity remains unknown. In three-year follow-up investigation using luminescence syncytium induction assay evaluating infectivity, we visualized evaluated kinetics cattle with...

A bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP-28) is a member of the cathelicidin family which included in innate immune system mammals. Recently, there have been many studies about peptides. This study aims to clarify whether BMAP-28 has bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and compares its methicillin-susceptible S. (MSSA) MRSA. We found that was effective killing MRSA (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range; 5-20 µg/mL). It also revealed...

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leukosis, the most common neoplastic disease of cattle. Previously, we reported luminescence syncytium induction assay (LuSIA), an for BLV infectivity based on CC81-BLU3G cells, which form syncytia expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) when co-cultured with BLV-infected cells. To develop a more sensitive LuSIA, here focused glucocorticoid response element (GRE) within U3 region long terminal repeat (LTR). We changed five...

Perinatal transmission plays a critical role in the spread of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection cattle herds. In Holstein breed, we previously identified BLV resistant and susceptible leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 alleles, including BoLA-DRB3*009:02 *014:01:01 with low proviral load (PVL), *015:01 *012:01 high PVL. Here, evaluated perinatal risk dams different BoLA-DRB3 alleles. alleles 120 dam-calf pairs from five dairy farms Japan were identified; their PVL was quantified using...

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leukosis, a malignant form of B-cell lymphoma, and is closely related to human T-cell viruses. We investigated whether BLV infection affects host genes associated with DNA mismatch repair (MMR). Next-generation sequencing blood samples from five calves experimentally infected revealed the highest expression levels seven MMR (EXO1, UNG, PCNA, MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, PMS2) at point peak proviral loads (PVLs). Furthermore, gene was only upregulated...

Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide (L-LPS) has shown potency in activating toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) pig fibroblasts (PEFs_NCC1), and causes the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. However, stimulation by L-LPS was weak eliciting function TLR2 sufficiently innate immunity responses during Leptospira infection. In this study, immune response embryonic fibroblast cell line (PEFs_SV40) investigated found to be high response, thus is predominate cells. Further, we a strategy using antibody...

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) has spread worldwide and causes serious problems in the cattle industry owing to lack of effective treatments vaccines. BLV is transmitted via horizontal vertical infection, with high proviral load (PVL), which a useful index for estimating disease progression transmission risk, are considered major infectious sources within herds. PVL strongly correlates highly polymorphic bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 alleles. The BoLA-DRB3*015:01 *012:01 alleles known...

Abstract Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leukosis, the most common neoplastic disease in cattle. We previously reported development and protocol of luminescence syncytium induction assay (LuSIA), a method for evaluating BLV infectivity based on CC81-GREMG cells. These cells form syncytia expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein when co-cultured with BLV-infected Recently, we confirmed CAT1/SLC7A1 functions as receptor BLV. Here, focused to increase sensitivity LuSIA....

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. However, propagation and distribution BLV after primary infection still need to be fully elucidated. Here, we experimentally infected seven cattle with analyzed proviral load (PVL) in blood various organs. was first detected one week, PVL increased for three weeks infection. The maintained at a high level five cattle, while it decreased low or medium two cattle. distributed organs, such as heart, lung, liver,...

Abstract The cathelicidin family is one of the several families antimicrobial peptides ( AMPs ). A bovine myeloid peptide BMAP ‐28) belongs to this family. Recently, emergence drug‐resistant bacteria such as methicillin‐resistant S taphylococcus aureus MRSA ) has become a big problem. are expected be leading compounds new antibiotics against bacteria. In study, we focused on activity ‐28 bacterial cell surfaces. First, observed morphological change caused by using scanning probe microscope....

Abstract Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, most common neoplastic disease cattle, which closely related to human T-cell viruses. BLV has spread worldwide and causes a serious problem for cattle industry. The cellular receptor specifically binds with viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) this attachment mediates cell fusion lead entry. Env reportedly cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1)/SLC7A1, but whether CAT1/SLC7A1 an actual remains unknown....

Abstract Background Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which is closely related to human T-cell virus, the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, a disease characterized by highly prolonged course involving persistent lymphocytosis and B-cell lymphoma. The major histocompatibility complex class II region plays key role in subclinical progression BLV infection. In this study, we aimed evaluate roles CD4 + epitopes cattle. Methods We examined five Japanese Black cattle, including three...

Introduction Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) belongs to the family Retroviridae and is a causative agent for enzootic bovine leucosis, most common neoplastic disease affecting cattle worldwide. BLV proviral load (PVL) associated with progression transmission risk but requires blood collection quantitative PCR testing. Anti-BLV antibodies in whey have been used as diagnostic tool infection; however, utilization has not fully investigated. Furthermore, leukocyte antigen ( BoLA )- DRB3 polymorphic...

Sheep are important domestic animals for the production of wool and meat. Although numerous cultured cell lines from humans mice have been established, number derived sheep is limited. To overcome this issue, efficient establishment a sheep-derived line its biological characterization reported. Mutant cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D1, telomerase reverse transcriptase were introduced into muscle-derived cells in an attempt to immortalize primary using K4DT method. Furthermore, SV40 large...