Inertia reduction due to high-level penetration of converter interfaced components may result in frequency stability issues.This paper proposes and analyzes different strategies using synchronous condenser (SC), synthetic inertia (SI) wind power plant, their combination enhance the low-inertia systems under various scenarios conditions.Furthermore, one SC models includes hardware automatic voltage regulator (AVR) for better representation reality is implemented.The simplified Western Danish...

This paper reviews the existing congestion management methods for distribution networks with high penetration of DERs documented in recent research literatures. The reviewed can be grouped into two categories - market and direct control methods. consist dynamic tariff, capacity market, shadow price flexible service market. are comprised network reconfiguration, reactive power active control. Based on review methods, authors suggest a priority list

The short circuit response of a voltage source converter (VSC) under grid unbalanced faults mainly depends on the design its control system. Due to limited semiconductor overload capability, current contributed by VSC should be restricted within limit for each phase. This might bring up challenges protection system converter-dominated power paper derives generic peak limitation method three different strategies. impact strategies and combined with synchronous condenser distance are evaluated...

Monitoring of events in the power system provides a great deal insight into behavior system. Events with impact on entire typically occur or near transmission network and are therefore best monitored at substations. This puts demands equipment general restricts use data since it becomes property operator. An alternative is to measure lower voltage levels. paper documents close agreement between frequency low high levels during remote nearby fault network. The very quality suggests that...

In this study, two important planning problems in power systems that are transmission expansion and reactive formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming taking into account the bilevel structure due to consideration of market clearing under several load-wind scenarios. The objective proposed method is minimize installation cost lines, sources, annual operation costs conventional generators corresponding curtailed wind energy while maintaining reliable system operation. Lower level...

With converter-based renewable energy sources increasingly integrated into power systems and conventional plants gradually phased out, future will experience reduced short circuit strength. The deployment of synchronous condensers can serve as a potential solution. This paper presents an optimal condenser allocation method for improving system ratio at converter point common coupling using modified analysis approach. total cost installing new is minimized while the ratios are maintained...

The short circuit response of voltage source converters (VSCs) could be significantly different from that synchronous condensers (SCs) under unbalanced faults. This paper investigates the combined effect VSC-based sources and grid faults considering two groups VSC fault-ride-through control strategies. It aims to provide an evaluation typical strategies explore impact equipping a condenser at point common coupling (PCC). By examining short-circuit currents, PCC voltages, DC-side system...

Variable-speed wind turbines are a promising concept for large offshore farms. The variable-speed can be realised with multi-pole synchronous generators (MPSG) excited by permanent magnets. main advantages of this that (i) the gearless and (ii) electrical excitation system is replaced electromagnetic construction magnet (PMG) is, however, more complex than in conventional generators. PMG grid-connected through controlled their frequency converters. converter control used to stabilise farm at...

High-level integration of renewable energy sources in power system leads to the displacement conventional generators and consequently challenges frequency stability are introduced. To mitigate negative impact significant wind penetration grid on stability, this paper proposes supplementary control methods implement synthetic inertia for doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based during excursions. Different strategies activation schemes analyzed implemented Western Danish renewable-based...

In order to meet the energy demand and at same time achieve sustainable development objectives on a global scale, Danish government has set long-term strategy of fossil fuel free country by year 2050. However, decline conventional power generation units rising amount converter interfaced components (wind turbine, HVDC, Photovoltaic) may have negative effects stability system. These do not enough inertia response control frequency excursion, so grid can depend few synchronous machines for...

This paper presents the details of a new real-time stability assessment method. The method assesses particular mechanism stability: each generator's capability to generate sufficient steady state electromechanical torque. lack torque causes aperiodic increase in rotor angle and loss synchronism, referred as small signal instability. provides theoretical background an analytical criterion. Furthermore, mathematical mapping generators' operating points that enables informative visualization...

This paper investigates the performance of phasor measurement units (PMUs) under interference conditions, which can appear in a power system and are not tested by C37.118.1 standard. Three PMUs from different vendors configured for M-class requirements were used to test three possible condition scenarios. In first scenario, noise is added PMU input signal. The runs sweep signal-to-noise ratios accuracy versus level obtained. second scenario injects multiple harmonics with influence on...

The uncertainty of wind power generation imposes significant challenges to optimal operation and control electricity networks with increasing penetration. To effectively address the uncertainties in forecasts, probabilistic forecasts that can quantify associated probabilities prediction errors provide an alternative yet effective solution. This article proposes a hybrid artificial neural network approach generate intervals power. An extreme learning machine is applied conduct point estimate...

This paper presents the day-ahead energy planning of passenger cars with 100% electric vehicle (EV) penetration in Nordic region by 2050. EVs will play an important role future systems which can both reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transport sector and provide demand side flexibility required smart grids. On other hand, increase electricity consumption. In order to quantify consumption due EV facilitate power system studies, has been investigated different charging scenarios. Five...

This paper presents a method to determine suitable countermeasures against emerging aperiodic small disturbance rotor angle (ASD) instability. The utilizes stability indicators, computed in real time, define criterion for ASD stability. Sensitivities of these indicators are then determined and used identify the most influential nodes countermeasures. To increase computational speed, only visited by self-propagating graph, rooted at vulnerable generator, will have their sensitivities...

The rapid increase of converter-based generation in grids causes significant changes system dynamic characteristics. These require verification and testing the reliability, optimization, functionality power elements controllers, which become more important for guaranteeing a secure operation. This paper first introduces hardware-in-the-loop setup an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) control then proposes software-in-the-loop (SiL) parameterization IEEE standard AVR/excitation model...

This is a report of the results phasor measurement unit (PMU) laboratory development and testing done at Centre for Electric Technology (CET), Technical University Denmark (DTU). Analysis PMU performance first required tools to convert DTU data into IEEE standard, validation DTU-PMU via validated commercial PMU. The has been tested from authors' previous efforts, where response can be expected follow known patterns provide confirmation about test system confirm design settings. In nutshell,...

The dynamic characteristics of converter-dominated systems are governed by controlling power converters and the interactions between converter conventional alternators. Frequency oscillations can appear under operation conditions caused phase-locked loop dynamics among control systems. may be poorly damped, which result in reduced generation, longer settling time, or disconnections sensitive components. It is foreseeable that damping services will critical for grid stabilization future with...

In this paper, an overview is provided of a new method that in real-time provides early warning for emerging blackout are characterized by slowly increasing angular separation between sub-groups system generators. Such subgroups generators can eventually cause very sharp decline voltages at intermediate locations the two groups as approaches 180°. order to receive occurrence such type blackouts, boundaries aperiodic small-signal stability suggested be monitored. For purpose, assessment rotor...