This study models the coincidence factor (CF) of electric vehicle (EV) charging given driving and plug-in behaviors by combining data sources from travel surveys recorded EV data. From these, we generate using a Monte Carlo approach to derive CFs. By varying battery size, rated power, behavior, their influence on CF is examined. The key results show that decreases less than 25% when considering more 50 EVs with level 11 kW, strongly depending number considered. contrast, behavior size have...

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is accelerating in recent years. It to be expected that all low power EV chargers (EVCs) will connected the distribution grid. charging EVs considerably change consumption patterns residential consumers. For grid planning and design, system operators need take these new into consideration. This work presents a methodology create plausible worst-case EVC profiles based on large dataset real data from 3, 547 EVCs. resulting show peak seasonal weekly...

In this paper, it is investigated how detailed the model of a synchronous machine needs to be in order assess transient stability using Single Machine Equivalent (SIME). The results will show mechanism and assessment are affected by detail. identify mechanism, simulation with high-order was used as reference. Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) New England & York system considered simulations an unstable stable scenario carried out, where detail models varied. Analyses suggest that 4...

Moving towards regional Supergrids, an increasing number of interconnections are formed by High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) lines. Currently, in most regions, HVDC losses not considered market operations, resulting additional costs for Transmission System Operators (TSOs). Nordic TSOs have proposed the introduction loss factors clearing algorithm, to account cost and avoid flows between zones with zero price difference. In this paper, we introduce a rigorous framework assess factors,...

Increased penetration of fluctuating Renewable Energy Sources (RES) adds a significant uncertainty in the dynamic behavior power system. Varying infeed from RES significantly affects number conventional generators to be dispatched at any time instant. As result, system parameters, such as inertia and damping can no longer considered constants, but instead they obtain time-varying profile. In this paper, robust frequency control scheme is introduced account for under increased penetration....

Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) can offer various control strategies to enable realization of the vision a "Global Grid With increasing penetration renewable energy sources, it is becoming more frequent for VSCs be required provide active and reactive power regulation. In this paper, model grid-supporting VSC connected weak AC grid with low Short Circuit Capacity (SCC) inertia presented. The impact SCC then illustrated by means small-signal stability, H <sub...

During summer 2018, the Nordic system's kinetic energy dropped below a critical level. As consequence, Svenska kraftnät, Swedish transmission system operator, requested largest production unit to reduce its power output guarantee security. This action resulted in deviation from generation dispatch determined by market and high costs for operators. In this regard, paper presents tool comparing mitigation strategies an economic point of view evaluates potential benefits utilizing emergency...

In many power systems, the increased penetration of inverter-based renewable generation will cause a decrease in kinetic energy storage, leading to higher frequency excursions after disturbance. This is case future Nordic Power System (NPS). The look-ahead study reported this paper shows that chosen units participating Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) cannot keep above prescribed threshold following outage largest plant. analysis relies on detailed model Northern European grid. latter...

In this paper, an investigation of the adaptability available transient stability assessment methods to real-time operation and their performance is carried out. Two approaches based on Lyapunov's method equal area criterion are analyzed. The results allow determine runtime each with respect number inputs. Furthermore, it allows identify, which preferable in case changes power system such as integration distributed resources (DER). A comparison analyzed leads suggestion that matrix reduction...

This paper presents a method that in real-time determines remedial actions, which restore stable operation with respect to aperiodic small signal rotor angle stability (ASSRAS) when insecure or unstable has been detected. An ASSRAS assessment is used monitor the boundary for each generator real-time. The represents condition reaches maximum steady state active power injection. proposed control exploits analytically derived expressions and other characteristic curves injection impedance plane...

In this paper, an overview is provided of a new method that in real-time provides early warning for emerging blackout are characterized by slowly increasing angular separation between sub-groups system generators. Such subgroups generators can eventually cause very sharp decline voltages at intermediate locations the two groups as approaches 180°. order to receive occurrence such type blackouts, boundaries aperiodic small-signal stability suggested be monitored. For purpose, assessment rotor...

This paper presents a novel equivalent, which is suitable for simulation of inertial and primary frequency control effects.In the model reduction procedure, dynamic power injectors are used to replace external system mimic its behavior.The parameters equivalents tuned with simple approach presented in this paper.The effectiveness proposed method demonstrated on modified version ENTSO-E Dynamic Study Model.The results show that response unreduced retained speedup simulations around 4.0 achieved.

This paper presents a contingency screening method and framework for its on-line implementation. The proposed carries out stability assessment with respect to first-swing transient stability. For that purpose, it utilizes the single machine equivalent aims at improving prior developed approaches. In order determine vulnerability of system particular contingency, only one time-domain simulation needs be performed. An early stop criteria is so in majority cases can terminated after few hundred...

This paper introduces a parametrized analyzing framework for facilitating power market participation of flexible loads specifically industrial through the aggregation consumers. By combining loads' potential, demand response sector can be mobilized and made available, particularly when qualification limits cannot met by single plants. To aggregate flexibility potential consumers, an analysis is necessary to streamline calculation process aggregators plant owners estimate their prerequisites...

In efforts to combat carbon emissions in challenging sectors like heavy industry and shipping, Power-to-X (PtX) technology emerges as a promising solution. PtX involves converting renewable energy into hydrogen via water electrolysis further processing it eco-friendly fuels methanol, ammonia, or kerosene. Denmark has seen rise plans for integrating large-scale projects, which will introduce large electrical loads its power system. To optimize the cost-effectiveness of PtX-based fuel...

This paper presents a novel search algorithm using time-domain simulations to identify plausible N - k contingencies endangering voltage stability. Starting from an initial list of disturbances, progressively more severe are investigated. After simulation contingency, the results assessed. If system response is unstable, harmful contingency sequence has been found. Otherwise, components affected by considered as candidate next event leading (k + 1) contingencies. implicitly takes into...

The paper introduces an approach to investigate voltage sags, which are caused by large generator rotor swings following a transient disturbance. Therefore, the method exploits sensitivities derived from algebraic network equations. These provide information on impact of magnitude at load bus and effect variation generator's power injection. It is shown that these give valuable identify critical generator-load pairs locations for applying preventive control measures.

The paper investigates various methods to predict voltage sags at load buses caused by large generator rotor swings and following a transient disturbance. Three different prediction are proposed, which all use real-time measurements from PMUs. One of the uses slightly extended version E-SIME method. other two process them recursive least square estimation. It is shown that method employing allows earliest detection critical sag with satisfactory accuracy.

This paper presents a practical search algorithm using detailed dynamic simulations to identify plausible harmful N-k contingency sequences. Starting from an initial list of contingencies, progressively more severe sequences are investigated. For that purpose, components, which violated conservative protection limits during simulation identified and considered as candidate k+1-th since these could be tripped due hidden failure. approach takes into account cascading events, such over-or...

With Denmark dedicated to maintaining its leading position in the integration of massive shares wind energy, construction new offshore energy islands has been recently approved by Danish government. These will be zero-inertia systems, meaning that no synchronous generation installed island and power imbalances shared only among converters. To this end, paper proposes a methodology calculate update frequency droops gains converters compliance with N-1 security criterion case converter outage....