Molecular hydrogen can be generated renewably by water splitting with an “artificial‐leaf device”, which essentially comprises two electrocatalyst electrodes immersed in and powered photovoltaics. Ideally, this device should operate efficiently fabricated cost‐efficient means using earth‐abundant materials. Here, a lightweight electrode, comprising large surface‐area NiCo 2 O 4 nanorods that are firmly anchored onto carbon–paper current collector via dense network of nitrogen‐doped carbon...

The emerging field of printed electronics uses large amounts printing and coating solvents during fabrication, which commonly are deposited evaporated within spaces available to workers. It is in this context unfortunate that many the currently employed non-desirable from health, safety, or environmental perspectives. Here, we address issue through development a tool for straightforward identification functional "green" replacement solvents. In short, organizes set according their Hansen...

A solution‐based fabrication of flexible and light‐weight light‐emitting devices on paper substrates is reported. Two different types are coated with a surface‐emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) device: multilayer‐coated specialty an intermediate surface roughness 0.4 μm low‐end low‐cost copy large 5 μm. The entire device executed using handheld airbrush, it notable that all the constituent layers deposited from solution under ambient air. top‐emitting paper‐LECs highly flexible, display...

Abstract The light-emitting electrochemical cell promises cost-efficient, large-area emissive applications, as its characteristic in-situ doping enables use of air-stabile electrodes and a solution-processed single-layer active material. However, mutual exclusion high efficiency brightness has proven seemingly fundamental problem. Here we present generic approach that overcomes this critical issue, report on devices equipped with outcoupling structure deliver record-high 99.2 cd A −1 at...

We report on the synthesis, characterization, and application of a series metal-free near-infrared (NIR) emitting alternating donor/acceptor copolymers based indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT) as donor unit. A light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC), comprising blend copolymer poly[indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,8-diyl-alt-2,3-diphenyl-5,8-di(thiophen-2-yl)quinoxaline-5,5′-diyl] an ionic liquid single-layer active material sandwiched between two air-stable electrodes, delivered...

The position of the emission zone (EZ) in active material a light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) has profound influence on its performance because microcavity effects and doping- electrode-induced quenching. Previous attempts EZ control have focused two principal constituents material-the organic semiconductor (OSC) mobile ions-but this study demonstrates that it is possible to effectively through inclusion an appropriate additive into material. More specifically, shown mere...

Understanding "efficiency roll-off" (i.e., the drop in emission efficiency with increasing current) is critical if efficient and bright emissive technologies are to be rationally designed. Emerging light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) can cost- energy-efficiently fabricated by ambient-air printing virtue of situ formation a p-n junction doping structure. However, this transformation renders meaningful analysis challenging. Herein, method for separation quantification major LEC loss...

Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are promising candidates for fully solution-processed lighting applications because they can comprise a single active-material layer and air-stable electrodes. While their performance is often claimed to be independent of the electrode material selection due in situ formation electric double layers (EDLs), we demonstrate conceptually experimentally that this understanding needs modified. Specifically, exciton generation zone observed affected by...

The organic light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) has emerged as an enabling technology for a wide range of novel and low-cost emissive applications, but its efficiency is still relatively modest. focus in the field so far almost exclusively been directed toward limiting internal loss mechanisms, whereas external losses resulting from poor light-outcoupling have overlooked. Here, we report straightforward procedure improving emission quality LECs. We find that our high-performance...

The development and application of a deep near-infrared (NIR) emitting star-shaped diketopyrrolopyrrole–Zn-porphyrin compound, ZnP(TDPP)4, is reported. structure, conjugation, planarity the porphyrin compound were carefully tuned by molecular design, which resulted in low-energy photoluminescence peak at 872 nm. ZnP(TDPP)4 was employed as emissive guest light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), also comprised conjugated polymer...

Abstract Electroluminescent devices become warm during operation, and their performance can, therefore, be severely limited at high drive current density. Herein, the effects of this self‐heating on operation a light‐emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) are systematically studied. A density 50 mA cm −2 can result in local device temperature for free‐standing LEC that exceeds °C within short period which turn induces premature degradation as manifested rapidly decreasing luminance increasing...

We present the synthesis and characterization of an efficient low cost solar-driven electrolyzer consisting Earth-abundant materials. The trimetallic NiFeMo electrocatalyst takes shape nanometer-sized flakes anchored to a fully carbon-based current collector comprising nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube network, which in turn is grown on fiber paper support. This catalyst electrode contains solely materials, support renders it effective despite metal content. Notably, bifunctional...

We report on the synthesis of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) with a high solubility 75 g/L in toluene and good film-forming property, as enabled by dense layer didodecyldimethylammonium bromide octanoic acid surface ligands. The crystalline monodisperse PeQDs feature cubic-like shape, an edge length 10.1 nm, photoluminescence yield greater than 90% solution 36% thin film. find that are n-type doped following but also they can be p-type additionally situ electrochemistry. These...

The emission efficiency of organic semiconductors (OSCs) often suffers from aggregation caused quenching (ACQ). An elegant solution is aggregation-induced (AIE), which constitutes the design OSC so that its morphology inhibits π-π interactions and non-radiative motional deactivation. light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) can be sustainably fabricated, but function depends on motion bulky ions in proximity OSC. It therefore questionable whether AIE retained during LEC operation. Here, we...

Flexible and high-aspect-ratio C(60) nanorods are synthesized using a liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation process. As-grown shown to exhibit hexagonal close-packed single-crystal structure, with m-dichlorobenzene solvent molecules incorporated into the crystalline structure in C(60):m-dichlorobenzene ratio of 3:2. An annealing step at 200 °C transforms solvent-free face-centred-cubic polycrystalline structure. The deposited onto field-effect transistor structures two solvent-based...

Cost-efficient thin-film devices that emit in the near-infrared (NIR) range promise a wide of important applications. Here, synthesis and NIR application series copolymers comprising poly[indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,8-diyl] (PIDTT) as host different donor–acceptor–donor (DAD) segments guest are reported. We find key design criterion for efficient solid-state host-to-guest energy transfer is DAD conformation compatible with host. Such host–guest evaluated emitter light-emitting...

Abstract We utilize UV light for the attainment of high‐resolution, electronically active patterns in [6,6]‐phenyl C 61 ‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) films. The are created by directly exposing selected parts a solution‐cast PCBM film to light, and thereafter developing immersing it tuned developer solution. demonstrate that is possible attain complex, large‐area structures with smallest demonstrated‐feature size 1 μm this method, patterned material exhibits high average electron...

Abstract It has recently been demonstrated that light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) can be designed to deliver strong emission with high efficiency when the charge transport is effectuated by a majority host and executed minority guest. A relevant question then: should guest physically blended or chemically incorporated into host? systematic study presented establishes for near‐infrared‐(NIR‐) emitting LECs based on poly(indacenodithieno[3,2‐ b ]thiophene) (PIDTT) as...

A novel heterodinuclear Ir(<sc>iii</sc>)/Pt(<sc>ii</sc>) complex delivers vibrant red phosphorescence with high efficiency in a light-emitting electrochemical cell.

Abstract Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and electrochemical cells (LECs) exhibit different operational modes that render them attractive for complementary applications, but their dependency on the device temperature has not been systematically compared. Here, effects of a carefully controlled performance OLEDs LECs based two common emissive organic semiconductors are investigated. It is found peak luminance current efficacy relatively independent, whereas, corresponding significant...

The light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) has demonstrated capacity for cost- and material-efficient solution-based fabrication of the active material under ambient air. In this context, it is notable that corresponding reports on a scalable electrodes, particularly top electrode, are rare. We address issue through demonstration transparent LEC, which fabricated air by sequential spray deposition hydrophobic conjugated-polymer:ionic-liquid blend ink as hydrophilic...