In order to understand information processing in neural circuits, it is necessary detect both electrical and chemical signaling with high spatial temporal resolution. Although the primary currency of electrical, many downstream effects signals on circuits that generate them are dependent activity-dependent increases intracellular calcium concentration. It therefore great utility be able record at multiple sites, while same time detecting optical from reporters levels. We describe here a...

Primary neuronal cultures share many typical features with the in vivo situation, including similarities distinct electrical activity patterns and synaptic network interactions. Here, we use multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings from spontaneously active of wildtype glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice to evaluate which spike parameters differ between GABAergic interneurons principal, putatively glutamatergic neurons. To analyze this...

G protein gated inward rectifier K+ (GIRK) channels open and thereby silence cellular electrical activity when inhibitory coupled receptors (GPCRs) are stimulated. Here we describe an assay to measure neuronal GIRK2 as a function of membrane-anchored concentration. Using this show that four Gβγ subunits bind cooperatively GIRK2, intracellular Na+ – which enters neurons during action potentials further amplifies opening mostly by increasing affinity. A amplification is characterized used...

All animals detect and integrate diverse environmental signals to mediate behavior. Cnidarians, including jellyfish sea anemones, both capture prey using stinging cells called nematocytes which fire a venom-covered barb via an unknown triggering mechanism. Here, we show that from

Many structures of the mammalian CNS generate propagating waves electrical activity early in development. These are essential to development, mediating a variety developmental processes, such as axonal outgrowth and pathfinding, synaptogenesis, maturation ion channel receptor properties. In mouse cerebral cortex, occur between embryonic day 18 postnatal 8 originate pacemaker circuits septal nucleus piriform cortex. Here we show that genetic knock-out major synthetic enzyme for GABA, GAD67,...

Spontaneous synchronous activity (SSA) that propagates as electrical waves is found in numerous central nervous system structures and critical for normal development, but the mechanisms of generation such are not clear. In previous work, we showed ventrolateral piriform cortex uniquely able to initiate SSA contrast dorsal neocortex, which participates in, does initiate, (Lischalk JW, Easton CR, Moody WJ. Dev Neurobiol 69: 407-414, 2009). this study, used Ca(2+) imaging cultured embryonic day...

Jellyfish and sea anemones fire single-use, venom-covered barbs to immobilize prey or predators. We previously showed that the anemone Nematostella vectensis uses a specialized voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channel trigger stinging in response synergistic prey-derived chemicals touch (Weir et al., 2020). Here, we use experiments theory find behavior is suited distinct ecological niches. burrowing uniquely strong CaV inactivation for precise control of predatory stinging. In contrast, related...

Jellyfish and sea anemones fire single-use, venom-covered barbs to immobilize prey or predators. We previously showed that the anemone Nematostella vectensis uses a specialized voltage-gated calcium (Ca V ) channel trigger stinging in response synergistic prey-derived chemicals touch (Weir et al., 2020). Here, we use experiments theory find behavior is suited distinct ecological niches. burrowing uniquely strong Ca inactivation for precise control of predatory stinging. In contrast, related...

Abstract All animals detect and integrate diverse environmental signals to mediate behavior. Cnidarians, including jellyfish sea anemones, both capture prey using stinging cells called nematocytes which fire a venom-covered barb via an unknown triggering mechanism. Here, we show that from Nematostella vectensis use specialized voltage-gated calcium channel (nCa v ) distinguish salient sensory cues control the explosive discharge response. Adaptations in nCa confer unusually-sensitive,...

GENERAL COMMENTARY article Front. Cell. Neurosci., 09 June 2015Sec. Cellular Neurophysiology Volume 9 - 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00224

Abstract Jellyfish and sea anemones fire single-use, venom-covered barbs to immobilize prey or predators. We previously showed that the anemone Nematostella vectensis uses a specialized voltage-gated calcium (Ca V ) channel trigger stinging in response synergistic prey-derived chemicals touch (Weir et al., 2020). Here we use experiments theory find behavior is suited distinct ecological niches. burrowing uniquely strong Ca inactivation for precise control of predatory stinging. In contrast,...

Jellyfish and sea anemones fire single-use, venom-covered barbs to immobilize prey or predators. We previously showed that the anemone Nematostella vectensis uses a specialized voltage-gated calcium (Ca V ) channel trigger stinging in response synergistic prey-derived chemicals touch (Weir et al., 2020). Here we use experiments theory find behavior is suited distinct ecological niches. burrowing uniquely strong Ca inactivation for precise control of predatory stinging. In contrast, related...

Jellyfish and sea anemones fire single-use, venom-covered barbs to immobilize prey or predators. We previously showed that the anemone Nematostella vectensis uses a specialized voltage-gated calcium (Ca V ) channel trigger stinging in response synergistic prey-derived chemicals touch (Weir et al., 2020). Here we use experiments theory find behavior is suited distinct ecological niches. burrowing uniquely strong Ca inactivation for precise control of predatory stinging. In contrast, related...

Background Recent reports and our clinical experience have shown the usefulness of rapid-acquisition MRI in evaluating children with hydrocephalus. An axial HASTE (i.e. Half-Fourier Acquisition Single-shot Turbo Spin Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging) study acquires clinically useful images seconds without exposing to risks ionizing radiation or sedation. The current report reviews Seattle Children’s Hospital rapid acquisition shunted attention ventricular size, overall image quality, motion...