ResumenEl objetivo del estudio está orientado a determinar las propiedades psicométricas Cuestionario de Creencias Epistemológicas sobre la Matemática.Participan 171 profesores matemática Secundaria Básica

This article reviews all published studies reporting tests for sex differences in well-being. Women were found to report greater happiness and life satisfaction than men. difference was explained terms of men's women's social roles: The female (vs. male) gender role specifies emotional responsiveness. Furthermore, past role-related experiences provide women with appropriate skills attitudes. Women's men's) well-being also hold married but not unmarried Ss: For both sexes the state unmarried)...

Abstract Social norm appeals attempt to change behavior by modifying the prevailing view that a particular, usually harmful, is less prevalent or approved of in certain social contexts. These messages have been widely used, such as safe-drinking campaigns targeted towards college students, but reviews efforts mixed. The present review used meta-analytic techniques clarify effects manipulations synthesizing findings from 110 articles. We found consistent support for effectiveness across...

Abstract Fear appeals have long been used in persuasive messages to motivate people perform adaptive behaviors. This research explored the influence of a fear appeal message concerning breast cancer on attitude accessibility. Messages advocating efficacy self‐examinations increased accessibility attitudes toward behavior. Further, participants' behavior predicted behavioral intentions self‐examinations. Attitudes threat became less accessible after exposure high fear‐arousing message,...

Although there is general agreement that people differ in how easily they can be influenced, little evidence available concerning the source of these individual differences. A meta-analytic review was conducted to determine whether message recipients' self-esteem or intelligence predicts influenceability. Recipients moderate proved more influenceable than those low high esteem. According Yale-McGuire model, this curvilinear pattern stems from differences reception as well yielding influence...

Attitude and norm accessibility influence social behavior how messages are processed. The Motivation Opportunity as DEterminants (MODE) model is offered a framework for understanding when attitude should play an important role in behavior. In this article, we outline the MODE consider implications of both people process media consequences messages.

Theories of fear appeals suggest that fear-inducing messages can be effective, but public service announcements (PSAs) emphasize do not always lead to desired change in behavior. To better understand how PSAs are processed, an experiment testing the effects exposure safe-driving is reported. College students ( N = 108) viewed varying message sensation value (MSV). Results indicated with medium MSV resulted intentions drive more slowly than low or high MSV. Measures affective attitudes fast...

Anti-smoking PSAs are not always effective in reducing cigarette smoking, and there is a lack of research into mechanisms through which affect the attitudes behaviors viewers. The present was designed to better understand how smokers non-smokers process anti-smoking ads.In repeated measures design, accessibility smokers' (N = 70) non-smokers' 96) toward norms concerning smoking were assessed then their reactions four measured.The smoking-how quickly they bring mind-predicted central...

When patients are diagnosed with cancer, they begin to negotiate their illness identity in relation past and future selves, relationships, group memberships. Thus, how view cancer other identities may affect why make particular decisions about treatment options. Using the Communication Theory of Identity (CTI), current study explores: (1) is framed across layers one treatment: participation a clinical trial (CT); (2) experience conflicts while making decisions. Semi-structured, in-depth...

The present study examined how adolescents perceive the relationship between smoking and stress where they learn that cigarettes may be an effective stress-reduction mechanism. Eight focus groups were conducted with low-income African American European 14- to 16-year-olds in urban rural locations, which suggested primary reasons why smoked—namely, as a coping mechanism (to calm nerves), for social acceptance, because of environmental influences. Family issues, boyfriend/girlfriend problems,...

Social norms and attitudes play a critical role in adolescent smoking initiation maintenance. Focus theory predicts that making norm more salient—and thereby temporarily increasing its accessibility from memory—will increase the influence of on behavior for as long remains salient. Likewise, process model attitude–behavior relationship accessible are predictive behavior. The present research examining chronic related normative beliefs predicting college students. Attitude independently...

The accessibility of attitudes and norms (i.e., how quickly they are activated from memory) has been shown to predict young adult cigarette smoking, but prior work not examined this effect in adolescents or with other health risk behaviors. In study, the was used adolescent ( N = 325, age M 14.97, SD .73) self-reported behavior intention for alcohol use, marijuana sexual behavior. injunctive were significantly related adolescents’ When controlling current behavior, family intent engage these...

This article examines how cognitive structures and processes that highlight some aspects of messages but inhibit the salience others affect adolescents' processing public service announcements (PSAs). The assessed were attitude accessibility decision styles (need for cognition faith in intuition). A 2 (gender: male vs. female) × (race: Caucasian African American) 4 (message type) mixed design with message type as a within-subjects factor was utilized. Three hundred twenty-five teens ( M age...

This study investigated whether the effects of viewing pro-environmental messages within a narrative context affected intention to perform ecofriendly behaviors through accessibility participants' (N = 332) environmental attitudes. One week after an online pretest, participants viewed one two television clips that either included or did not include messages. Participants then completed attitude latency measures and reported behavioral intent several behaviors. Reinforcement attitudes by...

Research on the social determinants of vaccine uptake often occur between racial/ethnic groups and not within groups. Though minoritized individuals face inequalities across board, these are also evenly distributed amongst Using National Health Interview Survey data, we examined disparities in flu United States (US). We (a) NH (non-Hispanic) White (n = 32,655), (b) Asian 2335), (c) African American 5137), (d) Hispanic 5718) respondents who lived using combined 2017 2018. used multivariable...