Pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrigidae) are a speciose group of complicated taxonomy, with many species requiring clarification on their boundaries, and more still awaiting discovery. Two new Scelimena Serville, 1838 described: (1) from S. discalis gombakensis sp. nov. (2) hexodon marta Catalogue Scelimenini genera (15) (100) is presented taxonomy biogeography the tribe discussed. New resurrected combinations are: Falconius becvari (Buzzetti Devriese, 2008) comb. (of Gavialidium becvari), carli...

There are numerous pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrigidae) that exhibit leaf-like appearance. Leaf-mimic species can be found mainly in the subfamily Cladonotinae (tribes Cladonotini, Xerophyllini). Two leaf-mimic grasshopper India, Pakistan (Oxyphyllum pennatum Hancock, 1909) and Borneo (Paraphyllum antennatum 1913) only macropterous of Asia were traditionally assigned to Cladonotinae. Our study present new records these species, as well updated descriptions. Oxyphyllum is recorded for first time...

The genus Phaesticus Uvarov, 1940 is revised here with updated generic characteristics and a key to the species. New synonyms new combination are proposed: 1) = Flatocerus Liang & Zheng, 1984 syn. nov.; 2) P. mellerborgi (Stål, 1855) insularis (Hancock, 1907) nov., carinatus 1998 azemii Mahmood, Idris Salmah, 2007 F. brachynotus Liang, Chen Chen, 2008 uvarovi Storozhenko Dawwrueng, 2015 3) moniliantennatus (Günther, 1940) nankunshanensis wuyishanensis 1991 guizhouensis Wang, 1992...

A new peculiar, spiky, and yellowish species of the genus Tegotettix Hancock, 1913 is described from Davao region island Mindanao (the Philippines)—T. derijei sp. n. (Mindanao horned pygmy devil). The visually similar to T. cristiferus (Günther, 1935) Borneo armatus Borneo, which type genus, a record Sabah also presented in study. an undescribed Bukidnon, we by photographs its natural habitat. To date, was known only old descriptions drawings has not been reported for more than 100 years....

Euscelimena hardi Gupta et Chandra, 2018 was described earlier this year from Chhattisgarh (India) as a unique species within the genus, characterized in small size, long pronotal projections, and lack of wings. In commentary we provide evidence that E. is nymph harpago (Serville, 1838), hence new synonymy proposed: 1838) = syn. nov. Since fourth time Günther, 1938 has been species, present general remarks on how to distinguish pygmy grasshopper nymphs adults. Presence groove dorsal margin...

Wide nosed pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae) are in which the frontal costa bifurcates into strongly divergent facial carinae, between there is wide scutellum. Altogether seven genera and thirteen species inhabit India Sri Lanka. Tribe Cladonotini represented this region by five nine (Cladonotus—4 spp., Deltonotus—2 Gignotettix—1 sp., Hancockella—1 Yunnantettix—1 sp.), while tribe Xerophyllini two genera, Tettilobus (3 sp.) Potua (1 sp.). For it not clear if belongs to genus. A...

Abstract The last eukaryote common ancestor (LECA) possessed mitochondria and all key traits that make eukaryotic cells more complex than their prokaryotic ancestors, yet the timing of mitochondrial acquisition role in origin complexity remain debated. Here, we report evidence from gene duplications LECA indicating an early mitochondria. Among 163,545 24,571 trees spanning 150 sequenced genomes, identify 713 duplication events occurred LECA. LECA’s bacterial-derived genes include numerous...

Tetrigidae is one of the largest orthopteran families, but very few studies so far have integrated molecular and morphological data. Unsurprisingly, species been DNA barcoded, unresolved taxonomy makes a difficult group to work with. Here, we examined sample 90 specimens collected as part Costa Rican barcoding project identified 20 assigned 24 BINs, among which are 8 newly described species: Scaria bimaculata sp. nov., Lophotettix semicristatus Otumba auricarinata tenuis ignicula Metrodora...

OPINION article Front. Microbiol., 02 July 2020Sec. Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology Volume 11 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01380

Two main theories have been put forward to explain the origin of mitochondria in eukaryotes: phagotrophic engulfment (undigested food) and microbial symbiosis (physiological interactions). The two generate mutually exclusive predictions about order which phagocytosis arose. To discriminate alternatives, we employed ancestral state reconstructions (ASR) for as a trait, phagotrophy feeding habit, presence mitochondria, plastids, multinucleated organization across major eukaryotic lineages....

Abstract Modern accounts of eukaryogenesis entail an endosymbiotic encounter between archaeal host and a proteobacterial endosymbiont, with subsequent evolution giving rise to unicell possessing single nucleus mitochondria. The mononucleate state the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) is seldom, if ever, questioned, even though cells harboring multiple (syncytia, coenocytes, polykaryons) are surprisingly across supergroups. Here, we present survey multinucleated forms. Ancestral...

Rapid range expansion is one of the major attributes invasion success. During expansion, dispersing individuals face a novel environment where trade-offs between benefits reduced conspecific density and pressure from niche competitors may differentially affect life-history traits essential for population growth. In this study, we examined differences in sex ratio, body condition, physiological condition capacity energetic investment into reproduction along an actively expanding most...

The first annotated checklist of crickets and grasshoppers (Orthoptera) Croatia is presented. With 184 orthopteran species, 103 Ensifera 81 Caelifera, known to inhabit the country, among richest European countries in terms Orthoptera diversity. Altogether 25 species erroneously reported from country are omitted checklist, 16 (Isophya speciosa, Poecilimon brunneri, P. jonicus, thoracicus, Modestana ebneri, Pachytrachis bosniacus, Rhacocleis neglecta, Tessellana carinata, T. nigrosignata,...

Both Metrodorinae and Cladonotinae are polyphyletic subfamilies of Tetrigidae thus in need revision. This paper offers a key step toward this by defining the nominotypical tribe Metrodorinae, Metrodorini Bolívar, 1887 that encompasses mostly apterous species with arcuate median carina pronotum, laterally projecting lateral lobes produced carinae vertex forming horns. The consists following genera: Cota 1887; Hancockiella Cadena-Castañeda & Cardona, 2015; Metrodora Miriatra 1906;...

Some giant mantid species of the genera Sphodromantis Stål, 1871 and Hierodula Burmeister, 1838 have been found spreading their distribution through Palearctic, but none recorded from Adriatic coast Croatia, where numerous local already co-exist, such as Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Iris oratoria 1758). In this study, we present first records African mantis ( viridis (Forskål, 1775)), Indochina patellifera Serville, 1839), Asian tenuidentata Saussure, 1869) Croatia. A small population...

Arulenus miae Skejo & Caballero sp. nov. is described from Buknidon and Davao, Mindanao, the Philippines. The species was serendipitously found in an amateur photo posted Orthoptera Facebook group by Leif Gabrielsen. Holotype paratype are deposited Nederlands Centrum voor Biodiversiteit Leiden, Netherlands. Detailed comparison with validispinus Stål, 1877 given. A new diagnosis of genus A. paper part revision subfamily Discotettiginae. This study provides a good example how social networks...

In a recently published paper on colour polymorphism in Pygmy grasshopper from China (Zhao et al 2016) an unidentified Paratettix sp. was misidentified as Tetrix bolivari. This case highlights the need for correct species identification and provides opportunity to recommend some aspects of Good Taxonomic Practice (GTP) Tetrigidae reduce number erroneous identifications.

Abstract All eukaryotes have linear chromosomes that are distributed to daughter nuclei during mitotic division, but the ancestral state of nuclear division in last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) is so far unresolved. To address this issue, we employed reconstructions for states can be found across tree concerning intactness envelope mitosis (open or closed), position spindles (intranuclear extranuclear), and symmetry being either axial (orthomitosis) bilateral (pleuromitosis). The data...

Tetrigidae Rambur, 1838 (Orthoptera) d'Amérique centrale: un catalogue préliminaire. Les centrale sont très peu étudiés. La plupart des données historiques se limitent aux descriptions originales espèces et rares observations premiers tétrigidologistes. Cette étude examine la littérature ainsi que les rendues disponibles grâce efforts citoyens participatifs. Une liste annotée préliminaire Tetrigides d'Amérique, comportant désormais 32 espèces, a pu être établie associée à une clé...

Spiky pygmy grasshoppers (Scelimeninae) are a large subfamily within Tetrigidae that include three tribes (Criotettigini, Scelimenini, Thoradontini). Their systematic relationships Scelimeninae were not and still well understood, nor is their relationship to other subfamilies. Chen et al. (2018) published study on the phylogenetic among genera. (1) did question monophyly of Scelimeninae; (2) included only Chinese representatives into analysis; (3) probably misidentified some material used in...