AbstractRecent research on the chemical nature of red dyes isolated from Pterocarpus santalinus and certain West African plants, viz., Baphia nitida, osun soyauxii, have been reviewed. P. contains santalins A, B C., but no santarubin. Santalins santarubins found in osun, soyauxii B. nitida. The structural formulae are presented their differences indicated. A some similarities structure with hematein. This is probably responsible for staining properties; possible mechanism discussed.

In this paper, we propose and investigate the characteristics of a fair queueing with service envelopes (FQSE) algorithm-a hierarchical fair-share scheduling algorithm for access networks based on remote system such as Ethernet passive optical (EPON) or cable TV network. FQSE is designed to overcome limiting factors typical large control-plane delay, limited bandwidth, significant queue switch-over overhead. The concept envelope-a function representing allocation resources global network...

Abstract The paper tests a political economy theory of simultaneous government decision‐making on income redistribution through commodity policies and public research investment in agriculture. We use data from 37 countries agricultural protection expenditures (PARI). empirical results are consistent with the hypotheses. analysis suggest that structural changes have important effects incentives for governments not only to subsidize or tax farmers, but also invest research. Furthermore,...

Abstract This empirical study uses 100 years of annual data on 11 agricultural commodities from Belgium to measure the impact structural changes coinciding with economic development and in political institutions protection. The analysis shows that protection are caused by a combination factors. Governments have increased support farmers when world market prices for their fell, vice versa, offsetting effects producer incomes. Other determinants were share total consumer expenditures (negative...

In many e-science applications, there exists an important need to aggregate information from data repositories distributed around the world. effort better link these resources in a unified manner, lambda-grid networks, which provide end-to-end dedicated optical-circuit-switched connections, have been investigated. this context, we consider problem of aggregating files databases at (grid) computing node over lambda grid. The challenge is (1) identify routes (that is, circuits) network, along...

Background Adhesive capsulitis is a common cause of stiff shoulder and may result in pain restriction movement. The study aimed to investigate the role hydrodilatation glenohumeral joint management adhesive capsulitis. Methods Patients referred from clinic underwent under ultrasound guidance. Of 209 for hydrodilatation, 163 procedure attended follow-up physiotherapy. Outcome measures were available 118 patients (58 men 60 women). Mean age group was 52.6 years. Results There statistically...

This article examines the dynamics of income‐distribution pattern in India during post‐1991 economic reforms. It considers district‐level per‐capita income data across agriculture, manufacturing, services, and various constituent sub‐sectors, finds evidence favour a uniform process growth sectors regions, which has helped to reduce poverty. In particular, that agricultural access finance are important for this.

The Passive Optical Network (PON) is an attractive solution for high-bandwidth access networks. In the context of a broadband network, term open implies ability multiple service providers to share deployed network infrastructure make services available end users. Multiple may thereby be delivered over shared channel. Open requires fairness in terms throughput, delay, jitter, and other parameters channel among sharing entities, namely Since traffic very bursty, frequently subjected high loads...

Abstract. In an effort to stimulate a more exciting and entertaining style of play, the National Hockey Association (NHL) changed rewards associated with results overtime games. Under new rules, teams tied at end regulation both receive single point, regardless outcome in overtime. A team scoring sudden‐death 5‐minute period would earn additional point. Prior rule change 1999–2000 season, losing no points while winning earned 2 points. This paper presents theoretical model explain effect on...

The problem of aggregating large data files from distributed databases and address the corresponding challenges involved a network architecture perspective is considered. We model this as one identifying time-path schedule (TPS) in graph representation network. prove that TPS (TPSP) NP-complete. then propose mixed integer linear programming (MILP)-based approach three heuristics longest-file-first (LFF), disjoint-paths (DP), most-distant-file-first (MDFF) - to solve TPSP.

Next-generation e-science applications will require the ability to transfer information at high data rates between distributed computing centers and repositories. To support such applications, lambda grid networks have been built provide large, on-demand bandwidth end-points that are interconnected via optical circuit-switched lambdas. It is extremely important develop an efficient transport protocol over high-capacity, dedicated circuits. Because lambdas endpoints, they obviate need for...

Click to increase image sizeClick decrease size Notes 1Jones and Lamont (Citation2002), for example, describe the difficulties of short sales, including risks, costs, legal institutional restrictions, need sufficient stock supply from investors who are willing lend. 1In case where a is delisted during holding period, liquidating proceeds reinvested in remaining stocks portfolio. 1The returns on these factors obtained Ken French's data library.

Qualitative analysis of semen samples have been compared between 79 different types tobacco addicts (smokers, chewers, and multiple addicts) with 21 nonaddicts (never consumed any form tobacco). The percentage motile sperm total count the chewers are significantly low (p <. 05). frequency abnormal is also high 001) for smoking addict groups. Differential effects chewing on characteristics discussed.

Summary We propose a near-explosive random coefficient autoregressive model (NERC) to obtain predictive probabilities of the apparition and devolution bubbles. The distribution this is allowed be centred at an O(T−α) distance unity, with α ∈ (0, 1). When expectation lies on explosive side NERC helps temporary explosiveness time series related probabilities. study asymptotic properties provide procedure for inference parameters. In empirical illustrations, we estimate bubbles or flash crashes...