Tailed bacteriophages with genomes larger than 200 kbp are classified as Jumbo phages, and rarely isolated by conventional methods. These phages designated "jumbo" owing to their most notable features of a large phage virion genome size. However, in addition these, jumbo also exhibit several novel characteristics that have not been observed for smaller genomes, which differentiate terms organization, structure, progeny propagation, evolution. In this review, we summarize available reports on...

ABSTRACT Bacillus sphaericus strain C3-41 is an aerobic, mesophilic, spore-forming bacterium that has been used with great success in mosquito control programs worldwide. Genome sequencing revealed the complete genome of this entomopathogenic composed a chromosomal replicon 4,639,821 bp and plasmid 177,642 bp, containing 4,786 186 potential protein-coding sequences, respectively. Comparison other published sequences indicated B. chromosome most similar to sp. NRRL B-14905, marine species...

Bacillus thuringiensis is an important entomopathogenic bacterium belongs to the cereus group, which also includes B. anthracis and cereus. Several genomes of phages originating from this group had been sequenced, but no genome Siphoviridae phage has reported. We recently sequenced analyzed a novel phage, BtCS33, strain, subsp. kurstaki CS33, compared gneome other group. BtCS33 was first among phages. It produced small, turbid plaques on bacterial plates narrow host range. possessed linear,...

Abstract The use of microorganisms to solubilize elemental phosphorus from insoluble rock phosphate is a promising method greatly reduce not only environmental pollution but also production costs. Phosphate‐solubilizing were isolated soils in China, and fungus strain (PSM11‐5) soil sample an alum mine, with the highest solubilization potential, was selected identified as Penicillium sp. Strain PSM11‐5 could grow buffered medium pH values between 3.0 8.0 showed solubilizing activity at 5.0...

Tailed phages with genomes of larger than 200 kbp are classified as Jumbo and exhibited extremely high uncharted diversity. The genomic annotation phage is often disappointing because most the predicted proteins, including structural failed to make good hits sequences in databases. In this study, 23 proteins a novel Bacillus phage, vB_BpuM_BpSp, were identified by proteome analysis, 14 unknown function, 5 function glycoside hydrolase, Holliday junction resolvase, RNA-polymerase beta-subunit,...

Ginger rhizome rot is a major factor limiting the yield and marketability of ginger in Shandong Province, China. In order to identify pathogen causing rot, evaluate its pathogenicity, explore pathogenesis, diseased rhizomes surrounding soils were collected. A gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated GR8, was frequently isolated from samples. The bacterium identified as Bacillus pumilus based on physio-biochemical molecular biology characteristics. Pathogenicity studies...

Abstract Background Endolysins produced by bacteriophages lyse bacteria, and are thus considered a novel type of antimicrobial agent. Several endolysins from Bacillus phages or prophages have previously been characterized used to target strains that cause disease in animals humans. B. thuringiensis phage BtCS33 is Siphoviridae family its genome has sequenced analyzed. In the genome, orf18 was found encode an endolysin protein (PlyBt33). Results Bioinformatic analyses showed PlyBt33 composed...

Abstract Bacillus pumilus has been widely identified as a pathogen of plant and human, while the genetic information is rarely available for pathogenic B. strains. GR8 that causes ginger rhizome rot disease by invading parenchymatous tissues, growing in extracellular space producing cell wall-degrading enzymes to destroy cells. In this study, genome was sequenced characterized. This third completely species it exhibited high similarity strain B6033. The 3.67 Mb length encoded 3,713 putative...

ABSTRACT We characterized two newly isolated myoviruses, Bp8p-C and Bp8p-T, infecting the ginger rhizome rot disease pathogen Bacillus pumilus GR8. The plaque of Bp8p-T exhibited a clear center with turbid rim, suggesting that could transform into latent phage. Lysogeny assays showed both phages form states, while phage at higher frequency stability than Bp8p-C. genomes were 151,417 151,419 bp, respectively; encoded 212 putative proteins, only differed by three nucleotides. Moreover, owing...

Ginger rhizome rot disease, caused by the pathogen

A novel δ-endotoxin gene was cloned from a Bacillus thuringiensis strain with activity against Locusta migratoria manilensis by PCR-based genome walking. The sequence of the cry 3,432 bp long, and it encoded Cry protein 1,144 amino acid residues molecular mass 129,196.5 kDa, which exhibited 62% homology Cry7Ba1 in sequence. five conserved blocks amino-terminal region designated Cry7Ca1 (GenBank accession no. EF486523). Protein structure analysis suggested that activated toxin has three...

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is widely used in producing biological insecticides. Phage contaminations during Bt fermentation can cause severe losses of yields. Lots strategies have been engaged to control extrinsic phage contamination fermentation, but their effectiveness low. In this study, the candidate endogenous prophages (prophages) 61 chromosomes that had deposited GenBank database were analyzed. The results revealed all contained prophage regions, and 398 regions predicted, including...

Abstract Background Penicillium chrysogenum has been used in producing penicillin and derived β-lactam antibiotics for many years. Although the genome of mutant strain P. Wisconsin 54-1255 already sequenced, versatility genetic diversity this species still needs to be intensively studied. In study, wild-type KF-25, which high activity against Ustilaginoidea virens , was sequenced characterized. Results The KF-25 about 29.9 Mb size contained 9,804 putative open reading frames ( orfs )....

Phages, the parasites of bacteria, are considered as a new kind antimicrobial agent due to their ability lyse pathogenic bacteria. Due increase available phage isolates, newly isolated showed increasing genomic similarities with previously phages. In this study, novel vB_BthS_BMBphi, infecting Bacillus thuringiensis strain BMB171, is and characterized together its endolysin. This first tadpole-like strains. Genomic analysis shows that genome dissimilar all those phages, only exhibiting low...

The coevolution between phage and host bacterium is an important force that drives the evolution of microbial community, yet mechanisms have still not been well analyzed. Here, by analyzing interaction a Bacillus vB_BthS_BMBphi its bacterium, first-generation phage-resistant bacterial mutants regained-infectivity were studied. showed several conserved mutations as potential reason for acquiring resistance, including mutation in flagellum synthesis protein FlhA cell wall polysaccharide DltC....

Insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely used as environmentally friendly insecticides. As the only known Cry protein with insecticidal activity against Locusta migratoria manilensis, a locust subspecies that causes extensive destruction of crops, Cry7Ca1 from Bt strain BTH-13 identified in our previous study is particular interest to prevention and control. However, three-dimensional structure toxin (the active form protein) mechanisms...

Due to the increasing spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, phage therapy is considered one most promising methods for addressing MDR bacteria. Escherichia coli lives symbiotically in intestines humans and some animals, strains are beneficial terms maintaining a healthy digestive tract. However, E. can cause serious zoonotic diseases, including diarrhea, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, hemolytic uremic syndrome. In this study, we characterized newly isolated Myoviridae phage,...

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) can biosynthesise magnetosomes, which have great potential for commercial applications. A new MTB strain, Magnetospirillum sp. ME-1, was isolated and cultivated from freshwater sediments of East Lake (Wuhan, China) using the limiting dilution method. ME-1 had a chain 17 ± 4 magnetosomes in form cubooctahedral crystals with shape factor 0.89. closest to XM-1 according 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Compared XM-1, possessed an additional copy mamPA larger mamO...

Bacteriophages have been found to be the most abundant and also potentially diverse biological entities on Earth. In present study, Bacillus phages were isolated rapidly shown a high degree of diversity. The genomes newly phage, phiCM3, prophage, proCM3, from thuringiensis strain YM-03 sequenced characterized. Comparative genome analysis showed that phiCM3 is highly similar eight other seven these classified as Wβ group phages. Analysis differential evolution genes in Wβ-group indicated...