An approach to branched vinyl polymers through radical polymerization in the presence of 3-mercaptohexyl methacrylate (MHM) as chain transfer monomer is reported this paper. In case at styrene100–MHM5.0–AIBN2.0, molecular weight increased with conversion and reached a value >7.3 × 105 g/mol 99% conversion; addition, Zimm branching factor, g′, was less than 1 decreased conversion, when formation development supposed. The bridging units obtained polymer, generating from MHM, were cleaved yield...

The branching copolymerization of styrene with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (tri-EGDMA) as the agent was carried out using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in anisole at 90 °C. resulting copolymers were analyzed 1H NMR and triple detection size exclusion chromatography (TD-SEC). analysis shows that pendent vinyl groups react even early stages polymerization. Analysis changes molecular weight polydispersity suggests reaction system contains three components: primary chains,...

Abstract Well‐defined hyperbranched polystyrenes have been successfully prepared by polymerization of AB 2 macromonomer, polystyrene containing an azide group at its one end and two terminal propargyl groups the other via click reaction. For preparation macromonomers, ATRP initiator, bispropargyl 2‐bromosuccinate (BPBS) with bromine was synthesized successive bromination esterification reaction L ‐aspartic acid. The resulting BPBS initiated St, subsequently, (CH≡C) ‐PS‐Brs were substituted N...

Polymerization behaviors and polymer branching structures in atom transfer radical polymerizations of styrene with 1,6-bismaleimidohexane (BMIH), tri-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (tri-EGDMA) divinylbenzene (DVB) as the agents have been studied, mole ratio monomer to agent is 30/1.0. Their polymerization are quite different because levels interaction between agents. The charge complex effect BMIH causes core-formation. DVB system exhibits slowest evolution there no DVB. structure indicator...

Radical polymerization with 3-mercapto hexyl methacrylate as the chain transfer monomer (CTM) to prepare branched vinyl polymers high molecular weights and relatively narrow polydispersities has been carried out in aqueous emulsion. Potassium persulfate was used initiator, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate or hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide emulsifier. The obtained were characterized using NMR size exclusion chromatography. Compared from solution results reported literature, can be...

Branched P(AN-<italic>co</italic>-VAc)s were obtained<italic>via</italic>radical polymerization using a new chain transfer monomer of 2-(3-mercaptopropionyloxy) ethyl methacrylate.

The novel hyperbranched poly(methyl acrylate)‐ block ‐poly(acrylic acid)s (HBPMA‐ b ‐PAAs) are successfully synthesized via single‐electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP), followed with hydrolysis reaction. copolymer solution could spontaneously form unimolecular micelles composed of the hydrophobic core (PMA) and hydrophilic shell (PAA) in water. Results show that size spherical particles increases from 8.18 to 19.18 nm increased pH 3.0 12.0. Most interestingly, unique...

New insights are provided into the atom transfer radical polymerizations of styrene with 1,6‐bismaleimidohexane, tri‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (tri‐EGDMA), and divinyl benzene (DVB) as branching agents. Gas chromatography, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, triple detection size exclusion chromatography used to analyze polymers. The molecular weights polymers differ because different levels intramolecular cyclization initiator efficiencies (IEs) among three polymerization...

Abstract Hyperbranched poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) and poly(GMA‐ co ‐styrene) have been synthesized by the self‐condensing vinyl polymerization of GMA copolymerization St. Cp 2 Ti(III)Cl catalyzed epoxy groups to produce initiating radicals Cu(II)X (X = Br or Cl) was used for control polymerization. The resultant polymers were characterized GPC 1 H NMR, molecular weights, weight distribution degree branching determined. structure further confirmed a hydrolysis test. star with HPGMA as...

Human activities recognition is a challenging task due to its complexity of human movements and the variety performed by different subjects for same action. This paper presents algorithm using skeleton information generated from depth maps. Concatenating motion features temporal constraint feature produces vector. Reducing dictionary scale proposes an improved fast classifier based on sparse representation. The developed method shown be effective recognizing UTD-MHAD dataset. Comparison...

Abstract The branching copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile with divinyl benzene as the agent was carried out using atom transfer radical polymerization. Nuclear magnetic resonance triple detection size exclusion chromatography were used to analyze reaction. results suggest that coupling reaction mainly takes place between primary chains, forming slightly branched chains in early stages. becomes significant at middle stages, highly chains. system consists containing two comprised...

Abstract Heat‐resistant branched poly(styrene‐ alt ‐NPMI) has been prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene (St) and N ‐phenyl maleimide (NPMI) with divinylbenzene (DVB) as the branching agent in anisole at 80°C. Gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine conversion reactants. Triple detection gel permeation (TD‐GPC) analyze copolymers. The results show that yields primary chains predominately early stages formation molecules occurs mainly when is higher than...

Ultrafast preparation of branched poly(methyl acrylate) (BPMA) with high‐molecular weight through single electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) inimer at 25°C has been attempted, atom (ATRP) 60°C was also carried out for comparison. Gas chromatography, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and triple detection size exclusion chromatography were used to analyze these polymerizations. As expected, SET‐LRP system showed much faster rate than ATRP system, the calculated apparent...

Abstract BACKGROUND: Although several methods have been reported for the preparation of hyperbranched cationic polyelectrolytes (HCPs), their applicability is limited. A convenient, facile strategy based on atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) N , ‐dimethyl‐ ‐(2‐methacryloyloxy)ethyl(2‐bromoisobutyryloxy)ethylammonium bromide (DMEAB) with ‐ethyl‐ ‐methacryloyloxyethylammonium (DEMAB) therefore proposed to prepare copolymer (PDEMAB). RESULTS: NMR spectroscopy was used confirm...

Branched polystyrenes have been prepared via atom transfer radical polymerisation using 1,6-bismaleimidohexane as the branching agent in two reaction systems of anisole or along with N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP). The kinetics was studied gas chromatography. formation mechanism, development branching, changes molecular weight and polydispersity branched polymers were analysed triple detection size exclusion results showed that mechanisms almost same both systems. relative weights also similar...

Branched poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) was prepared by atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) of styrene (St) and acrylonitrile (AN) with the feed composition 0·5 using β-bromoethyl benzene (BEB) as initiator divinylbenzene (DVB) branching agent. The kinetics development were studied gas chromatography (GC), triple detection size exclusion (TD-SEC) proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. primary chains pendent vinyl groups formed dominantly at a monomer conversion...

The rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has been accompanied by the development various benchmarks to evaluate their capabilities. However, true nature these evaluations and extent which they assess multimodal reasoning versus merely leveraging underlying Model (LLM) backbone remain unclear. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into role LLM backbones in MLLM evaluation, focusing on two critical aspects: degree current truly influence prior knowledge...

Branched styrene–acrylic resins were prepared through radical polymerization using cheap 2-(3-mercaptopropionyloxy) ethyl methacrylate (MPOEM) as the chain transfer monomer (CTM). The monomers added dropwise into reaction vessel containing xylene at 135°C to obtain resins. formation of branching and molecular weight analyzed triple detection size exclusion chromatography (TD-SEC). viscosities characterized rotational rheometer Grignard tube viscometer. By adjusting dosage MPOEM initiator, a...