We present a novel color fringe projection system to obtain absolute 3D shape and of objects simultaneously. Optimum 3-frequency interferometry is used produce time efficient analysis the projected fringes by encoding three sets different pitch into primary colors digital light projector recording information on 3-chip CCD camera. Phase shifting retrieve subwavelength phase information. Absolute across field calculated using method independently at each pixel. Concurrent data also captured...

Long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (LLINs) protect humans from malaria transmission and are fundamental to control worldwide, but little is known of how mosquitoes interact with nets. Elucidating LLIN mode action essential maintain or improve efficacy, an urgent need as emerging insecticide resistance threatens their future. Tracking multiple free-flying Anopheles gambiae responding human-occupied in a novel large-scale system, we characterised key behaviours events. Four behavioural modes...

We describe a novel technique for measurement of absolute order interference in multifrequency interferometry. An optimization criterion is introduced that leads to frequency selection formulations are optimized with respect the minimum number frequencies required achieving maximum target dynamic range. The method generalized N and gives definition reliability. demonstrate by means coherent fringe projection nonintrusive, full-field profilometry. Experimental data three presented.

A conventional microscope produces a sharp image from just single object-plane. This is often limitation, notably in cell biology. We present attachment which records images several object-planes simultaneously. The key concept to introduce distorted diffraction grating into the optical system, establishing an order-dependent focussing power order generate images, each arising different exploit this multiplane imaging not for bio-imaging but also nano-particle tracking, achieving...

This work demonstrates the development and evaluation of FBG optical fibre sensor technology for monitoring distributed in-situ in-operando temperature cylindrical 18650 lithium-ion cells. The influence sensing element on electrochemical system was evaluated using EIS, CT scanning cell cycling characterisation proven to be negligible. Furthermore, sensors were resistant strain imposed during instrumentation procedure harsh chemical environment inside Li-ion methodologies modification...

Abstract Background The success of insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs) for malaria vector control in Africa relies on the behaviour various species Anopheles . Previous research has described mosquito behavioural alterations resulting from widespread ITN coverage, which could result a decrease net efficacy. Here, behaviours were compared including timings contact, willingness to refeed and longevity post-exposure two next-generation nets, PermaNet ® 3.0 (P3 net) Interceptor G2 (IG2...

Abstract Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) remain a critical intervention in controlling malaria transmission, yet the behavioural adaptations of mosquitoes response to these interventions are not fully understood. This study examined flight behaviour insecticide-resistant (IR) and insecticide-susceptible (IS) Anopheles gambiae strains around an Olyset net (OL), permethrin-impregnated ITN, versus untreated (UT). Using machine learning (ML) models, we classified mosquito trajectories with high...

Abstract Understanding mosquito behaviours is vital for the development of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), which have been successfully deployed in sub-Saharan Africa to reduce disease transmission, particularly malaria. However, rising insecticide resistance (IR) among populations, owing genetic and behavioural changes, poses a significant challenge. We present machine learning pipeline that distinguishes between innate IR insecticide-susceptible (IS) flight independent insecticidal...

In this paper we present full-field flow measurements for cyclic variability analysis within in-cylinder flows. A high-speed particle image velocimetry system has been developed with a framing rate of 13.5 kHz to allow single pulse multiple frame cross-correlation processing. This produced velocity vector maps at approximately 1° crank angle temporal resolution engine speeds up 2000 rpm. novel processing scheme employing the product correlation functions is shown increase validation rates...

Phase-based fringe projection metrology systems have been widely used to obtain the shape of 3D objects. One vital step is calibration, which defines relationship between phase and depth data. Existing calibration methods are complicated because dependence on pixel position. In this Letter, a simple procedure introduced based an uneven technique, in becomes independent position can be represented by single polynomial function for all pixels. Therefore, given set discrete points with known...

Understanding how mosquitoes respond to long lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) is fundamental sustaining the effectiveness of this essential control tool. We report on studies with a tracking system investigate behaviour wild anophelines at an LLIN, in experimental hut rural site Mwanza, Tanzania. Groups adult female (n = 10 per replicate) reared from larvae local population, identified as predominantly (95%) Anopheles arabiensis, were released hut. An infrared video recorded flight...

Many vectors of malaria and other infections spend most their adult life within human homes, the environment where they bloodfeed rest, control has been successful. Yet, knowledge peri-domestic mosquito behaviour is limited, particularly how mosquitoes find attack hosts or insecticides impact on behaviour. This partly because technology for tracking in natural habitats, traditional dwellings disease-endemic countries, never available. We describe a sensing device that enables observation...

We present an optimized method for multiwavelength interferometry that allows measurements beyond the largest beat wavelength. The approach exploits wavelength coincidence between two wavelengths in order to measure unambiguously over extended range. Performance of has been validated both through simulations and experimentally by means a fiber interferometer four measurement wavelengths. Initial results have demonstrated 1/200th fringe phase resolution, giving absolute metrology 18.16 mm, or...

We present a method to obtain simultaneous three-dimensional shape and color information from single captured image using composite red, green, blue (RGB) projected fringe pattern. Previous attempts at snapshot metrology have suffered either poor dynamic range or been highly dependent on the of artifact. An optimum multiwavelength process has employed maximize data give absolute depth independently each pixel. Fringe processing is via Fourier transform with algorithms introduced RGB texture....

The method of excess fractions (EF) is well established to resolve the fringe order ambiguity generated in interferometric detection. Despite this background, multiwavelength absolute long distance measurements have only been reported with varying degrees success. In paper we present a theoretical model that can predict unambiguous measurement range EF based on selected wavelengths and phase noise. It shown beat wavelength solutions are subset model. performance EF, for given noise, be...

Recent advances in multiwavelength interferometry techniques [Appl. Opt.52, 5758 (2013)] give new insights to phase unwrapping problems and allow the fringe order information contained measured be extracted with low computational effort. This work introduces an algebraic solution problem that allows direct calculation of unknown integer order. The procedure resembles beat-wavelength approaches, but provides greater flexibility choosing measurement wavelengths, a larger range, higher...

Abstract Background Mosquitoes are carriers of tropical diseases, thus demanding a comprehensive understanding their behaviour to devise effective disease control strategies. In this article we show that machine learning can provide performance assessment 2D and 3D vision techniques thereby guide entomologists towards appropriate experimental approaches for assessment. Behaviours best characterised via tracking—giving full time series information. However, tracking systems vary in...

We present a computationally efficient method for solving the of excess fractions used in multi-frequency interferometry absolute phase measurement. The Chinese remainder theorem, an algorithm from number theory is to provide unique solution distance via set congruence's based on modulo arithmetic. describe modified version this theorem overcome its sensitivity measurement noise. A comparison with has been performed assess performance and processing speed achieved. Experimental data obtained...

Mosquito-borne diseases account for around one million deaths annually. There is a constant need novel intervention mechanisms to mitigate transmission, especially as current insecticidal methods become less effective with the rise of insecticide resistance among mosquito populations. Previously, we used near infra-red tracking system describe behaviour mosquitoes at human-occupied bed net, work that eventually led an entirely net design. Advancing approach, here report on use trajectory...

This paper describes a novel approach for separating the phases in two-phase flow and measuring their velocity fields simultaneously. The method is an extension of two-colour particle image velocimetry utilizes colour recording fluorescently doped seed particles one phase flow. concept developed into number practical optical systems. simplest these has been evaluated experimentally some proof-of-principle results obtained. Image processing algorithms are employed to separate images from each...

Multiwavelength interferometry provides a solution to number of applications in metrology for the measurement optical path differences longer than source wavelength. To this day, method excess fractions (EF) has proved provide very long, unambiguous ranges with highest reliability given set wavelengths and level phase noise. This is achieved because EF combines individual values an equivalent least-square problem evaluates correspondence all possible solutions. However, procedure can be slow...