Cross sections for collision-induced dissociation (CID) of Fe+n with Xe, 2≤n≤10, are presented. Experiments were performed on a newly constructed guided ion beam mass spectrometer, the design and capabilities which described in detail. The single mechanism iron cluster ions is sequential loss atoms increasing collision energies. There no evidence fission to molecular neutral products. cross section threshold energy dependences analyzed give bond energies (BDEs), D0(Fe+n−1–Fe). Data analysis...

The kinetic energy dependence of collision-induced dissociation (CID) Co+n (n=2–18) with xenon is studied by using a guided ion beam mass spectrometer. Examination the general behavior over broad collision range shows that cobalt cluster cations dissociate exclusively loss single atoms (cluster ‘‘evaporation’’), no evidence found for elimination molecular fragments. Bond energies cations, (n=2–18), are determined from measurements CID thresholds. neutral clusters, Con (n=4–18), derived...

In this paper, we focus on the problem of maintaining significant levels cooperation in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks selfish adaptive peers. We propose a simple algorithm that maintains high such network while performing collective task file sharing. The is adapted from novel "tag" models do not rely explicit reciprocity, reputation or trust mechanisms. A sequence three simulation presented-starting with an abstract model tag-based (TagWorld) and finishing P2P file-sharing (FileWorld) puts...

Chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 (CI-2) is a classic model for two-state cooperative protein folding and one of the most extensively studied systems. Alan Fersht, pioneer in field structural biology, has wild-type (wt) over 100 mutant forms CI-2 with traditional analytical biochemical techniques. Here, we examine wt three (A16G, K11A, L32A) to demonstrate utility variable-temperature (vT) electrospray ionization (ESI) paired ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) mass (MS) map free energy landscape. As...

For peer-to-peer (P2P) systems to operate effectively peers need cooperate for the benefit of network as a whole. Most existing P2P assume cooperation, relying on perform tasks that are no direct individual benefit. However, when large open deployed such assumptions longer hold because by adapting selfishly nodes may become freeloaders leaching resources from network. We present initial results simulations an algorithm allowing adapt yet maintaining high levels cooperation in both Prisoners'...

The kinetic energy dependence of the collision-induced dissociation (CID) Vn+ (n=2–20) with xenon is studied by using a guided ion beam mass spectrometer. Examination general behavior over broad collision range shows that vanadium cluster ions dissociate primarily sequential atom loss, although dimer loss also observed for several clusters, notably V4+. Bond energies ions, D(Vn−1+–V), are determined from measurements CID thresholds. neutral clusters derived combining these ionic bond...

Coordination between nodes in open distributed computer systems is a general problem that's becoming increasingly relevant as massive peer-to-peer (P2P) are being deployed on the Internet. A major subproblem establishing and maintaining cooperation nodes. To solve this problem, we created simple algorithm, SLACER (a selfish link-based adaptation for excluding rewiring). When executed P2P network's nodes, self-organizes network into robust artificial social (ASN) with small-world...

ABSTRACT Agent-based simulation can help establish the possibility and characteristics of emergent processes. However is meaningless without an accompanying interpretation. We argue that original context needs to be carried with so as limit excess generalization from such models. The becomes a theoretical experiment which mediates between observations phenomena natural language descriptions. Replication exploration simulations start identify extent their validity, thus pave way for cautions...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTCollision-induced dissociation of iron ion (Fe2+)S. K. Loh, Li Lian, David A. Hales, and P. B. ArmentroutCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 14, 4009–4012Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100325a001https://doi.org/10.1021/j100325a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE...

Most P2P systems that have some kind of incentive mechanism reward peers according to their contribution, i.e. total bandwidth offered the system. Due disparity in capacity between users on Internet, common effect such mechanisms is fastest reap highest benefits. We take a different approach and study how incentivize cooperation based effort, contribution relative capacity. make following contributions: 1) we argue contribution-based schemes unnecessarily disfavor slow decrease overall...

Distributed systems without a central authority, such as peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, employ incentives to encourage nodes follow the prescribed protocol. Game theoretic analysis is often used evaluate in systems. However, most game-theoretic analyses of distributed do not adequately model repeated interactions inherent We present popular P2P protocol, Bit-Torrent, that models protocols. also note an analytical approach for modeling infeasible given complicated nature deployed In order...

Background: Achieving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target by 2020 is expected to end HIV epidemic 2030. We report on progress in WHO European Region meeting this target. Methods: The Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) sent questionnaires 55 countries 2016. estimates 4 stages of continuum care (living with HIV, diagnosed, treated, virally suppressed), corresponding Joint United Nations Programme AIDS (UNAIDS) explore differences subregion challenges reporting data. Findings: Forty-four...

Endowing agents with "social rationality" [10, 12, 11] can aid overall efficiency in tasks where cooperation is beneficial to system level performance. However it difficult maintain this effect open and unpredictable systems. Such systems seem require a "bespoke" (that is, new) design for each domain. Recent work artificial life biological sciences has identified novel "tag" mechanisms the spontaneous self-organization of group adaptations populations autonomous [2, 3, 13, 16]. We summarize...

Ion mobility spectrometry and circular dichroism spectroscopy are used to examine the populations of small model peptide, polyproline-13 in water, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol over a range solution temperatures (from 288 318 K). At low temperatures, less-polar solvents (1-propanol ethanol) favor all-cis polyproline I helix (PPI); as temperature is increased, trans-configured II (PPII) formed. In polar (methanol water), PPII favored at all temperatures. From experimental data, we determine...

For peer-to-peer (P2P) systems to operate effectively peers need cooperate for the benefit of network as a whole. Most existing P2P assume cooperation, relying on perform tasks that are no direct individual benefit. However, when large open deployed such assumptions longer hold because by adapting selfishly nodes may become "freeloaders" leaching resources from network. We present initial results simulations an algorithm allowing adapt yet maintaining high levels cooperation in both...

BitTorrent is a highly popular peer-to-peer file sharing protocol. Much activity takes place within private virtual communities called "private trackers" - server that allows only community members to share files. Many trackers implement "ratio enforcement" where the tracker monitors upload and download behavior of peers. If peer downloads substantially more than it uploads then service terminated. Tracker policies related credit effect performance as whole. We identify possibility "credit...