Although excellent dielectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric properties matched with or even surpassing those of ferroelectric ceramics have been recently discovered in molecular ferroelectrics, their successful applications devices are scarce. The fracture proneness ferroelectrics under mechanical loading precludes as flexible sensors bulk crystalline form. Here, self-powered prepared from the facile deposition [C(NH2 )3 ]ClO4 onto a porous polyurethane (PU) matrix reported. -PU is...

Fracture toughness is a critical indicator for the application of NiTi alloys in medical fields. We propose to enhance fracture by controlling spatial grain size (GS) gradient. Utilizing rolling processes and heat treatment technology, three categories with distinct GS distributions were fabricated subsequently examined through multi-field synchronous tests. It found that one locally ultra-high gradient (20 nm-3.4 μm) has significantly enhanced toughness, which as high 412% normally...

We proposed a broad spectral data‐analyzing method to study the altitude and seasonal variability of gravity wave (GW)‐associated dynamics in lower atmosphere at midlatitude by using radiosonde data from Miramar Nas (32.87°N, 117.15°W), California, during 1998–2008. Generally, presented primary statistical features GW parameters their variation are consistent with previous observations conventional hodograph analysis based on monochromatic theory. These consistencies suggest our analyzing is...

We adopt a broad spectral data analyzing method to derive the continuous altitude variability of inertial gravity wave (GW) parameter properties in range 2–25 km from 11 year (1998–2008) radiosonde observations over 92 United States stations locating latitude 5°N 75°N. To our knowledge, this is first time presenting latitudinal and altitudinal lower atmospheric GW parameters. The presented distribution parameters indicates that energy troposphere stratosphere peaks, respectively, at middle...

Applying a second‐order fully nonlinear numerical scheme, we have investigated the characteristics of reflection and transmission atmospheric gravity wave packets in vertically sheared horizontal wind. When leading edge incident arrives at reflecting level predicted by linear theory, begins to occur. In process, waves are superposed with obvious phase staggering, which is different from meridionally evanescent region, has only weak variation; amplitude decays wind growth vice versa, good...

Starting from a set of fully nonlinear equations, the whole process gravity wave excited through resonant interaction under sum conditions is clearly exhibited. In interaction, wavelength and frequency are in agreement with values derived conditions. And energy growth mainly primary wave. Moreover, strong exchange shows that may play significant role determining atmospheric spectrum transporting momentum to higher altitudes. A discussion on nonresonant interactions also presented, detuning...

Debye formulas are widely used to describe the electrical dispersion characteristics of a uniform lossy material. model uses some empirical coefficients control shape and position spectroscopy curves. It can fit most data from experiments. A two-layered is investigated through its equivalent circuit model. Finite Difference Method (FDM) developed extract effective permittivity conductivity as verification analytical derivation. The computation results indicate obtained FDM layered agree very...

Abstract Based on the temperature and zonal meridional winds observed with an Na lidar at Andes Lidar Observatory (30.3°S, 70.7°W) night of 20–21 July 2015, we report simultaneous upward downward propagating inertia‐gravity waves (IGWs) in mesosphere/lower stratosphere (MLT). The ground‐based periods IGWs are about 5.4 h 4.8 h, respectively. horizontal vertical wavelengths 935 km 10.9 for IGW 1248 22 IGW, Hodograph analyses indicate that propagates direction 23° west north, while travels...

Abstract. We extended the broad spectral method proposed by Zhang et al. (2013) for extraction of medium- and high-frequency gravity waves (MHGWs). This was applied to 11 years (1998–2008) radiosonde data from 92 stations in Northern Hemisphere investigate latitudinal, continuous vertical seasonal variability MHGW parameters lower atmosphere (2–25 km). The latitudinal distributions wave energy density horizontal momentum fluxes as well their variations exhibit considerable consistency with...

Relative to the extensive studies of third‐order nonlinearity for oceanic gravity waves, interaction atmospheric waves has drawn little attention. By numerical experiments with a two‐dimensional, fully nonlinear model, resonant excitation is clearly exhibited. The results indicate that can take place in atmosphere, and significant energy exchange occurs interaction. Wave mainly transfers from high frequency primary wave excited wave, an intense secondary strengthen this transfer, which...

Although the properties of gravity waves propagating in a vertically sheared flow have been extensively studied, effects horizontally wind on wave propagations were seldom reported. In this paper, according to linear theory, characteristics reflection meridionally zonal background field are discussed, which evidently different from those reflected by flow. By numerical simulations, we present whole process packet wind. When reaches reflecting level, disturbance velocity evanescent region...

Abstract. By applying 12-year (1998–2009) radiosonde data over a midlatitude station, we studied the vertical wavenumber spectra of three-dimensional wind fluctuations. The horizontal in lower stratosphere coincide well with well-known universal spectra, mean spectral slopes −2.91 ± 0.09 and −2.99 for zonal meridional respectively, while troposphere are −2.64 0.07 −2.70 0.06, which systematically less negative than canonical slope −3. In both stratosphere, amplitudes (slopes) larger (less...

Abstract We adopted 14 year (from 1998 to 2011) radiosonde data from 16 stations at latitudes between 14.33°S 29.37°N investigate the low‐frequency oscillations of inertial gravity wave energy densities (including kinetic density, potential and total density) in lower atmosphere 2 km 30 km. Apparent signatures 11 solar cycle quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) were found troposphere stratosphere, respectively. Detailed analyses suggested that QBO activity might be due convection zonal wind...

Applying a second‐order numerical scheme, nonresonant interactions of gravity waves in compressible atmosphere are investigated. The results show that the interaction does occur, and an apparent energy exchange among interacting can be observed, which indicates with different spatial temporal scales extensively interact. In interaction, wave generally tends to transfer from primary highest frequency secondary excited waves, is resonant interaction. Under same initial wave, final almost...

Abstract. Using a nonlinear, 2-D time-dependent numerical model, we simulate the propagation of gravity waves (GWs) in time-varying tide. Our simulations show that when GW packet propagates tidal-wind environment, not only its intrinsic frequency but also ground-based would change significantly. The tidal horizontal-wind acceleration dominates variation. Positive (negative) accelerations induce increases (decreases) with time. More interestingly, near critical layers always causes to...

The present study investigates the global vertical wave number spectra of potential energy density in stratosphere by utilizing COSMIC temperature data period January 2007 to February 2014. statistical analysis shows that spectral amplitude (defined as maximum density) varies from 0.1 × 10 4 m 2 s −2 (cycle/m) −1 3.2 , generally smaller than theoretical saturated amplitude, with remarkable temporal and spatial variations. Due latitudinal seasonal variations background winds sources, exhibits...

Repairing software bugs with automated solutions is a long-standing goal of researchers. Some the latest program repair (APR) tools leverage natural language processing (NLP) techniques to bugs. But languages (NL) and programming (PL) have significant differences, which leads fact that they may not be able handle PL tasks well. Moreover, due difference between vulnerability task bug task, performance these on yet known. To address issues, we attempt use large-scale pre-trained models...

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaics is a promising and scalable technology, commanding over 90% of the thin film market. An appropriate window layer crucial for high-efficiency CdTe solar cells. This study aimed to investigate representative MgZnO (MZO) enhance device performance. We studied properties MZO films with different substrate temperatures their application in CdSeTe/CdTe Despite high transmittance wide band gap film, performance sputtered at room temperature limited by...

With the new revolution in data technology, many types of streaming are automatically generated our living environment. The vast amount information carried by this demands decision support from online learning algorithms. In paper, we propose a algorithm to monitor changes stream data/system status and provide automatic using data. consists two components. Firstly, adapt an existing Bayesian approach into for change detection, which serves as Component A. Then, integrate with modified method...

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) vibronic spectroscopy, which has provided submolecular insights into electron-vibration (vibronic) coupling, faces challenges when probing the pivotal low-frequency excitations. Because of eigenstate broadening on solid substrates, resolving states demands strong decoupling. This work designs a type II band alignment in STM junction to achieve effective charge-transfer state strategy enables successful identification lowest-frequency H g (ω 1 )...

This paper studies the frequentist inference about shape and scale parameters of two-parameter Weibull distribution using upper record values. The exact sampling MLE parameter is derived. asymptotic normality MLEs both are obtained. Based on these results this proposes various confidence intervals two parameters. Assuming one known certain testing procedures proposed. Furthermore, approximate prediction interval for immediately consequent value derived too. Conclusions made based intensive...

The present paper studies the likelihood ratio order of posterior distributions parameter when same exists between corresponding prior parameter, or observed values sufficient statistic for differ. established allows one to compare Bayesian estimators associated with many common and general error loss functions analytically. It can also enable Bayes factor in hypothesis testing without using numerical computation. Moreover, (LR) yield LR marginal predictive distributions, distributions.

Providing integrated access to multiple, distributed, heterogeneous databases has become very important. Smalltalk can be used achieve such an objectivity since provide tools connect commercial like Oracle and Sybase. We also developed open source Post-greSQL. Using these tools, data from multiple heterogenous extracted mapped into objects in Smalltalk, where their syntactical semantical conflicts resolved by object deputy model. An language is designed based on algebra its compiler been...