In order to reduce the potential radiation risk, low-dose CT has attracted an increasing attention. However, simply lowering dose will significantly degrade image quality. this paper, we propose a new noise reduction method for via deep learning without accessing original projection data. A convolutional neural network is here used map images towards its corresponding normal-dose counterparts in patch-by-patch fashion. Qualitative results demonstrate great of proposed on artifact and...

Computed tomography (CT) is widely used in medical diagnosis and non-destructive detection. Image reconstruction CT aims to accurately recover pixel values from measured line integrals, i.e., the summed along straight lines. Provided that acquired data satisfy sufficiency condition as well other conditions regarding view angle sampling interval severity of transverse truncation, researchers have discovered many solutions reconstruct image. However, if these are violated, accurate image...

Background Radiologists are proficient in differentiating between chest radiographs with and without symptoms of pneumonia but have found it more challenging to differentiate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from non–COVID-19 on radiographs. Purpose To develop an artificial intelligence algorithm COVID-19 other causes abnormalities at radiography. Materials Methods In this retrospective study, a deep neural network, CV19-Net, was trained, validated, tested patients pneumonia. For the...

Quantification of Liver Fat Content With Unenhanced MDCT: Phantom and Clinical Correlation MRI Proton Density FractionPerry J. Pickhardt1, Peter M. Graffy1, Scott B. Reeder1, Diego Hernando1 Ke Li1Audio Available | Share

Abstract Background Compelling evidence suggests that calcium/phosphorus homeostasis-related parameters may be linked to diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular events. However, few studies have investigated the association of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), α-klotho FGF23/α-klotho ratio with atherosclerosis in patients type 2 (T2DM). Objective This study was designed evaluate whether FGF23, are associated T2DM further explore relationships between these three factors Chinese T2DM. Methods...

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that multicontrast computed tomography (CT) imaging can be performed using a Talbot-Lau interferometer without phase stepping, thus allowing for an acquisition scheme like used standard absorption CT. Methods: Rather than stepping extract refraction, small-angle scattering (SAS), and signals, the two gratings were rotated slightly generate moiré pattern on detector. A Fourier analysis was obtain separate projection images each three...

Purpose: Statistical model based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) methods have been introduced to clinical CT systems and are being used in some diagnostic applications. The purpose of this paper is experimentally assess the unique spatial resolution characteristics nonlinear method identify its potential impact on detectabilities associated radiation dose levels for specific imaging tasks. Methods: thoracic section a pediatric phantom was repeatedly scanned 50 or 100 times using 64-slice...

To determine the minimum water percentage in a muscle region of interest that would allow diffusion tensor (DT-) MRI data to reflect properties pure accurately.Proton density-weighted images with and without fat saturation were obtained at mid-thigh four subjects. Co-registered DT-MR used calculate tensor's eigenvalues fractional anisotropy.The transitioned monotonically as function signal from values near those expected for muscle. Also, anisotropy 0.50 (fat) 0.20 (muscle). For percentages...

Abstract Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging yields indices describing the interactions between free water protons and immobile, macromolecular protons—including to pool size ratio (PSR) rate of pools k mf . This study describes first implementation selective inversion recovery quantitative method on a clinical 3.0‐T scanner in human brain vivo. Selective data were acquired at 16 different times nine healthy subjects two patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Data...

There is limited and inconclusive evidence that space environment, especially microgravity condition, may affect microstructure of human brain. This experiment hypothesized there would be modifications in gray matter (GM) white (WM) the brain due to microgravity.Eighteen male volunteers were recruited fourteen underwent -6° head-down bed rest (HDBR) for 30 days simulated microgravity. High-resolution anatomical imaging data diffusion tensor images collected on a 3T MR system before after...

Abstract Background Photon counting detector CTs (PCD‐CTs) have recently been introduced to clinical imaging. This development creates a new need for end‐users quantify and monitor the physical performance of PCDs. Traditionally, characterization PCD relied on counts, which are typically accessible manufacturer but not usually available end‐users. Purpose The goal this work was develop method quantifying using reconstructed PCD‐CT images, without requiring access counts. Methods proposed is...

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ultrahigh‐field 7T promises more than doubling the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 3T for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly MRI susceptibility effects induced by B 0 . Quantitative mapping (QSM) is based on deconvolving phase (or field) and would therefore benefit substantially from 7T. The purpose this work was to compare QSM performance at versus in an intrascanner test‐retest experiment with varying echo numbers (5 10 echoes). METHODS A...

Abstract A new approach to passive microwave retrievals of precipitation is described that relies on an objective dimensional reduction procedure filter, normalize, and decorrelate geophysical background noise while retaining the majority radiometric information concerning precipitation. The also sharply increases effective density any a priori database used in Bayesian retrieval scheme. method applied data from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), reducing original nine channels...

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease with long-term pain and dysfunction that negatively affects the quality of life patients. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), consisting DNA, proteins cytoplasm, are released by neutrophils play an important role in variety diseases. However, relationship between OA NETs unclear. Methods: In our study, we used bioinformatics to explore potential biological markers. GSE55235, GSE55457, GSE117999 GSE98918 were downloaded from Gene...

Purpose: This paper concerns the feasibility of x-ray differential phase contrast (DPC) tomosynthesis imaging using a grating-based DPC benchtop experimental system, which is equipped with commercial digital flat-panel detector and medical-grade rotating-anode tube. An extensive system characterization was performed to quantify its performance. Methods: The major components include diagnostic tube 1.0 mm nominal focal spot size, 96 μm pixel pitch, sample stage that rotates within limited...

Magnetization transfer (MT) provides an indirect means to detect noninvasively variations in macromolecular contents biological tissues, but, so far, there have been only a few quantitative MT (qMT) studies reported cancer, all of which used off-resonance pulsed saturation methods. This article describes the first implementation different qMT approach, selective inversion recovery (SIR), for characterization tumor vivo using rodent glioma model. The SIR method is on-resonance capable fitting...

Purpose: The introduction of a High-Resolution (Hi-Res) scan mode and another associated option that combines Hi-Res with the so-called High Definition (HD) reconstruction kernels (referred to as Hi-Res/HD in this paper) some multi-detector CT (MDCT) systems offers new opportunities increase spatial resolution for clinical applications demand high resolution. purpose work was quantify in-plane along both radial direction tangential modes at different off-center positions. Methods: A...

Iodine material images (aka iodine basis images) generated from dual energy computed tomography (DECT) have been used to assess potential perfusion defects in the pulmonary parenchyma. However, do not provide needed absolute quantification of blood pool, as materials with effective atomic numbers (Zeff ) different those may also contribute images, thus confounding defects.(i) To demonstrate limitations defect and (ii) develop validate a new quantitative biomarker using derived DECT...

Photon counting detector (PCD)-CT has demonstrated promise to reduce ionizing radiation exposure further and improve spatial resolution. However, when the or pixel size is reduced, image noise elevated, CT number becomes more inaccurate. This level-dependent inaccuracy referred as statistical bias. The issue of bias rooted in stochastic nature detected photon number, N, a log transformation used generate sinogram projection data. Due nonlinear transform, mean log-transformed data different...