Abstract Honey bees are critical pollinators in ecosystems and agriculture, but their numbers have significantly declined. Declines pollinator populations thought to be due multiple factors including habitat loss, climate change, increased vulnerability disease parasites, pesticide use. Neonicotinoid pesticides agonists of insect nicotinic cholinergic receptors, sub-lethal exposures linked reduced honey bee hive survival. highly dependent on circadian clocks regulate behaviors, such as...

This article proposes a new Flower Patch Nectar Sensor to address the problem of detecting and measuring nectar in artificial flowers used experiments on pollinator behavior. Traditional methods have focused mainly recording visits pollinators flowers, without addressing dynamic variations terms volume concentration. The proposed approach provides more detailed information about consumption by bees allows determination optimal time refill flowers. study introduces an innovative method that...

In this paper, the recognition of pollen bearing honey bees from videos entrance hive is presented. This computer vision task a key component for automatic monitoring honeybees in order to obtain large scale data their foraging behavior and specialization. Several approaches are considered task, including baseline classifiers, shallow Convolutional Neural Networks, deeper networks literature. The experimental comparison based on new dataset images that was manually annotated presence pollen....

Summary Circadian rhythms in social insects are highly plastic and modulated by multiple factors. In addition, complex behaviors such as sun-compass orientation time learning clearly regulated the circadian system these organisms. Despite unique features of insect clocks, mechanisms well functional evolutionary relevance traits remain largely unknown. Here we show a modification Drosophila activity monitoring (DAM) that allowed us to measure locomotor honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (three...

Acute ethanol administration is associated with sedation and analgesia as well behavioral disinhibition memory loss but the mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be elucidated. During past decade, insects have emerged important model systems understand neural genetic bases of alcohol effects. However, novel assays assess ethanol's on complex behaviors in social or isolated contexts are necessary. Here we used honey bee an especially relevant system since bees typically exposed nature...

Upon their first introduction to Americas in 1956, African honey bees (Apis mellifera scutellata) hybridized with the previously introduced and already established European (EHBs). The resulting Africanized (AHBs) have spread through continental tropics of Western Hemisphere. expansion AHB has been constrained temperate climates generally thought be because a lack key adaptations required for successful overwintering. A drastic increase longevity during broodless periods is crucial colony...

Circadian rhythms in honey bees are involved various processes that impact colony survival. For example, young nurses take care of the brood constantly throughout day and lack circadian rhythms. At same time, foragers use clock to remember predict food availability subsequent days. Previous studies exploring ontogeny workers showed onset is faster environment (~2 days) than if were immediately isolated after eclosion (7-9 days). However, which specific environmental factors influenced early...

Honey bees utilize their circadian rhythms to accurately predict the time of day. This ability allows foragers remember specific timing food availability and its location for several days. Previous studies have provided strong evidence toward light/dark cycles being primary Zeitgeber honey bees. Work in our laboratory described large individual variation endogenous period length bee from same colony differences under different constant temperatures. In this study, we further work by...

Early life adversity can disrupt development leading to emotional and cognitive disorders. This study investigated the effects of social isolation after weaning on anxiety, body weight locomotion, extracellular dopamine (DA) glutamate (GLU) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) their modulation by corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1. On day weaning, male rats were housed singly or groups for 10 consecutive days. Anxiety-like behaviors assessed an elevated plus maze (EPM) open field test (OF)....

Males in Hymenopteran societies are understudied many aspects and it is assumed that they only have a reproductive function. We studied the time budget of male honey bees, drones, using multiple methods. Changes activities animals provide important information on biological clocks their health. Yet, nature, these changes subtle often unobservable without development use modern technology. During spring summer mating season, drones emerge from hive, perform orientation flights, search for...

We present a novel system for the automatic video monitoring of honey bee foraging activity at hive entrance. This is built upon convolutional neural networks that perform multiple animal pose estimation without need marking. precise detection body parts key element to provide entrance and exit events including accurate pollen detection. A detailed evaluation quality study effect parameters are presented. The complete also integrates identification barcode marked bees, which enables both...

Aspergilloses are fungal diseases in humans and animals that is caused by members of the genus Aspergillus. Aspergillus flavus an important opportunistic pathogen, second only to A. fumigatus as a cause human aspergillosis. Differences virulence among isolates from clinical other substrates mating types not well known. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has become model organism for investigating pathogens due similarities between its immune system mammals. In this study we used D. host...

Gonadal steroids play a modulatory role in cocaine use disorders, and are responsible for many sex differences observed the behavioral response to cocaine. In females, it is well established that estradiol enhances males, we have recently shown testosterone sensitization but its mechanism of action remains be elucidated. The current study investigated contribution DHT, non-aromatizable androgen, estradiol, regulating cocaine-induced male rats. Gonadectomized (GDX) rats treated with...

Aluminum is increasingly globally bioavailable with acidification from industrial emissions and poor mining practices. This bioavailability increases uptake by flora, contaminating products such as fruit, pollen, nectar. Concentrations of aluminum in fruit pollen have been reported between 0.05 670mg/L North America. particularly concerning for pollinators that ingest Honey bees represent a present species experiencing decline Europe Region specific may be result differential toxicity...

Abstract Circadian rhythms in honey bees are involved various processes that impact colony survival. For example, young nurses take care of the brood constantly throughout day and lack circadian rhythms, while foragers use clock to remember predict food availability subsequent days. Previous studies suggested development both field laboratory began around 7-9 days age. However, not much is understood about postembryonic bees. In current study, we examine effects socially regulated...

Lithium has been considered a potential acaricidal agent against the honey bee (Apis mellifera) parasite Varroa. It is known that lithium suppresses elevated activity and regulates circadian rhythms light response when administered to humans as primary therapeutic chemical for bipolar disorder other syndrome model organisms, given crucial role of timing in bee's foraging alternating sunlight vs dark colony environment bees are exposed, we explored influence on locomotor (LMA) rhythm bees. We...

Abstract In complex societies common social needs such as vigilance, care giving, resource gathering, and production are attended around the clock. humans, these services constantly provided using a shift work strategy where different individuals, or groups of individuals perform their tasks at times day. However, in job organization other organisms remains unclear. Previous studies honeybees for two jobs support only pollen foragers not nursing behavior. Here we examined dynamics three...

Abstract The bee family Halictidae is considered to be an optimal model for the study of social evolution due its remarkable range behaviors. Past studies in circadian rhythms suggest that species may express more diversity behaviors than solitary species. However, these previous did not make appropriate taxonomic comparisons. To further explore link between and sociality, we examine four halictid with different degrees three Lasioglossum , one from Greece two Puerto Rico, a Systropha...

Abstract Honey bees are critical pollinators in ecosystems and agriculture, but their numbers have significantly declined. Declines pollinator populations thought to be due multiple factors including habitat loss, climate change, increased vulnerability disease parasites, pesticide use. Neonicotinoid pesticides agonists of insect nicotinic cholinergic receptors, sub-lethal exposures linked reduced honey bee hive survival. highly dependent on circadian clocks regulate behaviors, such as...

Abstract Honey bees utilize their circadian rhythms to accurately predict the time of day. This ability allows foragers remember specific timing food availability and its location for several days. Previous studies have provided strong evidence toward light/dark cycles being primary Zeitgeber honey bees. Work in our laboratory described large individual variation endogenous period length bee from same colony differences under different constant temperatures. In this study, we further work by...

The LabelBee system is a web application designed to facilitate the collection, annotation and analysis of large amounts honeybee behavior data from video monitoring. It developed as part NSF BIGDATA project "Large-scale multi-parameter in their natural habitat", where we analyze continuous entrance bee colonies. Due volume its complexity, provides advanced Artificial Intelligence visualization capabilities enable construction good quality datasets necessary for discovery complex patterns....