A5090778651- Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Plant and animal studies
- Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Forest Insect Ecology and Management
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Natural product bioactivities and synthesis
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
- Advanced Condensed Matter Physics
- Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials
- Bird parasitology and diseases
- Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
- Plant Gene Expression Analysis
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
- Horticultural and Viticultural Research
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Avian ecology and behavior
- Forest ecology and management
University of Turku
2016-2025
Siegfried (Switzerland)
2021
Kiel University
2021
Institute of Animal Physiology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
2021
John Wiley & Sons (United States)
2019
National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis
2006-2008
New Mexico State University
2008
University of Helsinki
2005
Summary 1. Tannins are one of the most studied groups plant secondary metabolites in research related to chemical ecology. They traditionally thought form an important factor defence against herbivorous insects. 2. For a long time, tannins’ anti‐herbivore activity was derive from their protein precipitation capacity that rendered tissues non‐nutritious and unpalatable for herbivores. Recent evidence suggests tannin cannot be explained quite this simply, as oxidation should also taken into...
Plant Anti-Insect Armaments Because individual plants are unable to relocate, they subject extreme selection by the insects feeding upon them. One means which suppress herbivory is produce toxic compounds deter (see Perspective Hare ). Agrawal et al. (p. 113 ) compared pesticide–treated or untreated evening primroses. Over 5 years of pesticide treatment, production defensive chemicals in fruit reduced and flowering times shifted, primrose's competitive ability against dandelions improved....
Condensed tannins (CTs) account for up to 20% of the dry matter in forage legumes used as ruminant feeds. Beneficial animal responses CTs have included improved growth, milk and wool production, fertility, reduced methane emissions ammonia volatilization from dung or urine. Most important is ability such forages combat effects gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes. Inconsistent were initially attributed concentration diet, but recent research has highlighted importance their molecular...
The leaf surface is the contact point between plants and environment plays a crucial role in mediating biotic abiotic interactions. Here, we took phylogenetic approach to investigate function, trade-offs, evolution of traits milkweeds (Asclepias). Across 47 species, found trichome densities up 3000 trichomes cm(-2) epicuticular wax crystals (glaucousness) on 10 species. Glaucous species had characteristic composition dominated by very-long-chain aldehydes. ancestor was probably glaucous from...
This paper presents the development of a rapid method with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for qualitative and quantitative analyses plant proanthocyanidins directly from crude extracts. The utilizes range cone voltages to achieve depolymerization step in ion source both smaller oligomers larger polymers. formed products are further fragmented collision cell enable their selective detection. UPLC-MS/MS is able separately quantitate terminal...
Our aim was to study the effects of glyphosate, tilling practice and cultivation history on mycorrhizal colonization growth target (weeds) non-target (crops) plants. Glyphosate, world's most widely used pesticide, inhibits an enzyme found in plants but also microbes. We examined glyphosate treatment applied preceding fall a perennial weed, Elymus repens (target plant) forage grass, Festuca pratensis (non-target their arbuscular fungal (AMF) root field pot experiment. Non-target were sown...
Ellagitannins from red raspberries (Rubus idaeus) and cloudberries chamaemorus) were isolated by using column chromatography preparative HPLC. The berry phenolic isolates consisted of 80% (cloudberry) 60% (raspberry) ellagitannins, with also containing anthocyanins. main ellagitannins both identified ESI-MS to consist the dimeric sanguiin H-6 trimeric lambertianin C. Monomeric such as casuarictin in pedunculagin found. antioxidant activity isolate, ellagitannin isolate (mixture), fraction...
Phenolic compounds were extracted from dried emblic leafflower (Phyllanthus emblica L.) fruits with methanol and separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The raw extracts fractions analyzed HPLC coupled diode array UV spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, tandem spectrometry. Mucic acid gallate, mucic lactone monogalloylglucose, gallic acid, digalloylglucose, putranjivain A, galloyl-HHDP-glucose, elaeocarpusin, chebulagic suggested to be the most abundant in...
This paper describes the development of a rapid method with ultraperformance liquid chromatography–triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry that can specifically measure group-specific fingerprints from plant extracts for following polyphenol groups: (1) ellagitannins, (2) gallic acid derivatives, (3) quinic (4) quercetin-based flavonol glycosides, (5) kaempferol-based and (6) myricetin-based glycosides. In addition, records simultaneously diode array full scan data be used to later characterize...
The accumulation of proanthocyanidins is regulated by a complex transcription factors composed R2R3 MYB, basic helix-loop-helix, and WD40 proteins that activate the promoters biosynthetic genes. In poplar (genus Populus), MYB134 known to regulate proanthocyanidin biosynthesis activating key flavonoid Here, we characterize second MYB regulator proanthocyanidins, MYB115. Transgenic overexpressing MYB115 showed high-proanthocyanidin phenotype reduced salicinoid accumulation, similar effects...
The use of synthetic drugs against gastrointestinal nematodes ruminants has led to a situation where resistance anthelmintics is widespread, and there an urgent need for alternative solutions parasite control. One promising approach polyphenol-rich bioactive plants in animal feeds as natural anthelmintics. In the present work, vitro activity series 33 hydrolyzable tannins (HTs) their hydrolysis product, gallic acid, egg hatching motility L1 L2 stage Haemonchus contortus larvae was studied....
Summary Insect herbivore damage and abundance are often reduced in diverse plant stands. However, few studies have explored whether this phenomenon is a result of diversity effects on host traits. We indirect tree species herbivory via changes leaf traits long‐term forest experiment Finland. measured 16 by four insect guilds (chewers, gall formers, miners rollers) silver birch ( Betula pendula ) trees growing one‐, two‐, three‐ five‐species mixtures. A decline the frequency mixed stands...
Rapeseed, raspberry, and pine bark are promising bioactive sources of plant phenolics selected from among ca. 100 previously screened materials for in vitro preclinical evaluation health related effects. Phenolic extracts isolated fractions the were investigated antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antimutagenic properties as well cell permeability. It was shown that rapeseed raspberry anthocyanins good or excellent antioxidants toward oxidation phosphatidylcholine membrane...
This study explored genetic variation and co-variation in multiple functional plant traits. Our goal was to characterize selection, heritabilities correlations among different types of traits gain insight into the evolutionary ecology populations their interactions with insect herbivores. In a field experiment, we detected significant heritable for each 24 Oenothera biennis extensive covariance Traits diverse functions formed several distinct groups that exhibited positive covariation other....
Although plant-defense theory has long predicted patterns of chemical defense across taxa, we know remarkably little about the evolution defense, especially in context directional phylogenetic trends. Here contrast production phenolics and cardenolides 35 species milkweeds (Asclepias Gomphocarpus). Maximum-likelihood analyses character revealed three major patterns. First, consistent with defense-escalation hypothesis, diversification was associated a trend for increasing phenolic...
Phytochemical coevolution theory posits that specialist herbivores will be less sensitive than generalists to the defensive compounds of their host. On other hand, both types should allegedly similarly ‘quantitative’ defences, such as tannin compounds. In this paper, we critically examine biological effects two tannins: vescalagin (a quantitatively dominant hydrolysable Quercus robur ), and a mix condensed tannins. phylogenetically controlled design, compare response moth species ( Dichonia...
Early‐season herbivory can cause plants to induce resistance subsequent herbivores, and this ubiquitous plant defense strategy has been shown be adaptive when vegetative‐feeding herbivores impact fitness. However, a growing number of studies show that leaf also defenses in reproductive tissues, which may deter mutualists such as pollinators seed dispersers, or antagonists florivores predators. Due their direct interaction with deterrence these have large negative positive effects on Despite...