Although yield output of maize (Zea mays L.) has improved markedly over the last century, procedures for improving grain-filling process remain elusive. Our aim in this study was to relate variation (including kernels apical and middle positions ears) plant density nitrogen (N) application rate using a crossed experimental design. We also investigated changes zeatin riboside (ZR), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic (ABA), gibberellic (GA) during period. Two high-yield varieties cultivated...

Excessive or insufficient application of fertilizer has raised broader concerns regarding soil and environmental degradation. One-time slow release (SF) been widely used to reduce yield gap with potential maize improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). A 2-year field experiment (2018–2019) was conducted evaluate the effects SF rates from 0 405 kg N ha–1 (named F0, SF225, SF270, SF315, SF360, SF405) common (CF405) on grain yield, biomass accumulation, enzymatic activities related carbon–nitrogen...

Application of slow-release fertilizer (SF) is a nutrient-management measure aimed at improving maize nutrient use and yield saving labor cost. One-time application SF sowing usually results in deficiency during the post-silking stage, owing to long growth period spring maize. This study was conducted investigate effects on stage (zero, three-, six-leaf stages, designated as SF0, SF3, SF6, respectively) grain yield, total soil rhizosphere nitrogen (N) content, root activity, comparison with...

Intercropping is used widely by smallholder farmers in developing countries to increase land productivity and profitability. We conducted a maize/peanut intercropping experiment the 2015 2016 growing seasons Shandong, China. Treatments included sole maize (SM), peanut (SP), an intercrop consisting of four rows six (IM IP). The results showed that system had yield advantages based on equivalent ratio (LER) values 1.15 1.16 two years, respectively. Averaged over was increased 61.05% compared...

ABSTRACT Leaf senescence induced by high temperature (HT) has become a primary factor limiting maize yield, particularly during the filling stage. Exogenous salicylic acid (SA) emerged as an effective strategy to mitigate leaf and HT‐induced damage, though its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated regulatory mechanism of SA application on waxy subjected HT early Compared alone, exogenous alleviated inhibition photosynthesis oxidative damage enhancing activities...

Controlled release urea (CRU) has been widely adopted to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency and maize production, but the impacts can range depending on water availability in soil. In an experiment using Zhengdan 958 (a popular summer hybrid), three levels of treatments (adequate condition [W3], which maintained soil moisture at about 75% ± 5% soil's field capacity; mild stress [W2], content 55% severe [W1], had a 35% capacity) four controlled fertilizer (N0, N1, N2 N3 were 0, 105, 210 315...

Appropriate planting density and nitrogen (N) supply are critical factors optimizing yield in crop cultivation. To advance the knowledge of maize plants under different N rate combinations, responses canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP), assimilate redistribution characters (by 13CO2 stable isotope tracing) were investigated. In this study, two varieties DH618 DH605 grown at various densities (6.75, 8.25, 9.75, 11.25 pl m-2) application rates (0, 180, 270, 360, 540 kg ha-1) during 2013-2015....

Optimal planting density and proper fertilization method are important factors to improve maize yield nutrient utilization. A two-year (2016 2017) field experiment was conducted with three plant densities (6.0, 7.5 9.0 plants m–2) modes (no fertilizer, 0F; one-off application of slow-released SF; twice conventional CF). Results indicated that the grain yields N, P K use efficiencies under SF optimal (7.5 were highest among all treatments in 2016 2017. Compared CF, could increase post-silking...

Low temperature (LT) during the grain-filling stage is an important factor that affects source-sink relationship and leads to yield loss in maize (Zea mays L). In this study, field pot trials were conducted investigate effects of LT on leaf photosynthesis, antioxidant system, hormones, grain waxy cultivars Suyunuo 5 (S5) Yunuo 7 (Y7). The results showed treatment inhibited chlorophyll biosynthesis reduced photosynthetic pigment levels stage. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase...

Reasonable fertilization of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) had significant effects on maize growth. In this experiment, two N levels (N180 N225 kg ha-1) four K treatments (K0, K75, K150 K75 + 75 were set to study the combined application grain yield quality waxy maize. The results showed that increased with increasing under same level, top-dressing further yield. starch content significantly at N180 decreased N225, while protein levels. treatment by 5.8% 9.0% compared levels, 2.9% 4.7%....

Abstract Rational plant density and fertilizer management are important practices to improve maize ( Zea mays L.) yield nutrient use efficiency. Previous research indicated that fertilization had positive interaction on N utilization. The studied the interactive effects of slow‐released (added amino acid polymer biological preparation) nitrogen efficiencies (NUEs). A 2‐yr field experiment with varieties Suyu29 (SY29) or Suyu30 (SY30) was conducted using a split‐split plot design. Three...

Avian coccidiosis causes significant economic losses on the global poultry breeding industry. Exploration of new-concept vaccines against has gradually become a research hotspot. In this study, an Enterococcus faecalis strain (MDXEF-1) showing excellent performance isolated from chicken intestinal tract was used as vector to deliver Eimeria target protein. The plasmid pTX8048-SP-DCpep-NAΔ3-1E-CWA harboring dendritic cell–targeting peptide (DCpep) fusion with tenella NAΔ3-1E gene (3-1E...

To explore the response of summer maize leaf senescence, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield to depth one-time base application controlled-release urea, which provides a theoretical basis for light simplified production maize. Seven treatments were set up with Zhengdan 958 as material under field conditions, including no nitrogen fertilizer (CK), surface spreading (DP0), furrow 5 cm (DP5), 10 (DP10), 15 (DP15), 20 (DP20), 25 (DP25). The results showed that same rate, there are...

Introduction Due to limited arable land resources, intercropping has emerged as an efficient and sustainable production method for increasing total grain yield per unit area. Maize–soybean strip (MSSI) technology is being widely promoted applied across China. However, the combination of optimal density achieving higher efficiency both soybean maize remains unclear. The objective this study was evaluate differences in yield, economic benefits, land, nitrogen (N) MSSI systems under different...

Core Ideas We investigated the impacts of CRU on summer maize root growth under different soil water conditions. clarified interaction and grain yield. found an optimized amount for each level Controlled‐release urea (CRU) is being promoted in Chinese ( Zea mays L.) planting to improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency, yield reduce N losses, but its vary widely depending moisture condition. There has been little study effects morphological physiological characteristics roots conducted three...

Abstract Avian coccidiosis caused by Eimeria leads to huge economic losses on the global poultry industry. In this study, microneme adhesive repeat regions (MARR) bc1 of E. tenella protein 3 (EtMIC3-bc1) was used as ligand, and peptides binding EtMIC3 were screened from a phage display peptide library. The positive clones checked enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Competitive ELISA applied further verify capability between phages recombinant EtMIC3-bc1 or sporozoites protein....

Shading stress caused by plum rain season, which overlapped with grain filling process of fresh waxy maize in Southern China, significantly affected crop productivity. In order to investigate the effects shading at different stages after pollination on yield, accumulation, and remobilization dry matter nitrogen (N) maize, field experiments were conducted, including 1-7 (Z1), 8-14 (Z2), 15-21 (Z3), 1-21 (Z4) days 2020 2021. The results showed that reduced ear yield increased moisture content...

Insufficient light during the growth periods has become one of main factors restricting maize yield with global climate change. Exogenous hormones application is a feasible measure to alleviate abiotic stresses on crop productivity. In this study, field trial was conducted investigate effects spraying exogenous yield, dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) accumulation, leaf carbon N metabolism fresh waxy under weak-light stress in 2021 2022. Five treatments including natural (CK), after...

Balanced fertilizer application is crucial for achieving high-yield, high-quality, and efficient maize cultivation. Sulfur (S), considered a secondary nutrient, ranks as the fourth most essential plant nutrient after nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K). S deficiency could significantly influence growth development. Field experiments were conducted in Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China, from April 1 to July 20 2023. Jingkenuo2000 (JKN2000) Suyunuo5 (SYN5) used experiment materials, four...