Significance It is widely accepted that high predation risk may select for group living, but not regarded as a primary driver of social complexity. This view neglects the important effect on dispersal and offspring survival, which require cooperation among members. The significance evolution complexity can be well illustrated by behavioral morphological adaptations highly animals showing division labor, such eusocial insects cooperatively breeding fishes. By examining diversity organization...

Social evolution is tightly linked to dispersal decisions, but the ecological and social factors selecting for philopatry or often remain obscure. Elucidating selection mechanisms underlying alternative life histories requires measurement of fitness effects in wild. We report on a long-term field study 496 individually marked cooperatively breeding fish, showing that beneficial as it increases tenure lifetime reproductive success both sexes. Dispersers predominantly join established groups...

Summary Many anti‐predator benefits of group living are predicted to scale with prey density. Nevertheless, evidence for a general density‐dependent increase survival is scarce. A possible reason this discrepancy the reduction costly behaviour increasing density, which may offset gains. Benefits might hence accrue by saved investment into behaviours rather than increased rates. Here, we experimentally presented predators in colony cooperatively breeding cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher...

Cognitive abilities vary within and among species, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this variation. Two of the most prominent regarding evolution cognition link increased social habitat complexity with advanced cognitive abilities. Several studies tested predictions derived from these two hypotheses, but were rarely conducted under natural conditions wild animals. However, is particular importance if we aim fitness-relevant factors better understand cognition. The biggest...

Many factors affect the social strategies that individuals adopt, including environmental parameters, developmental stage, and familiarity, but these are typically investigated in isolation. Understanding how shaped by various potentially interacting is fundamental to understanding evolution. We used a highly gregarious fish, Cory catfish, assess cues, size impact coordination communication within pairs of fish. Unlike many other model systems, catfish exhibit clear inter-individual...

The production of valuable bioactive compounds in the medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (G. glabra) would benefit from biotechnological approaches for cultivation and induction metabolite-producing hairy roots. Germination trials were tested to overcome seed dormancy, achieving high germination rates with sulfuric acid treatment. Hairy root cultures cotyledons using Rhizobium rhizogenes strain 1724 showed highest transformation efficiency. A fast-growing line, line S, was subsequently...

Tracking wild animals over long periods of time is a non-trivial challenge. This has caused bias in the availability individual-based long-term datasets with majority including birds and mammals. Visual Implant Elastomer (VIE) tags are now widely used technique that may facilitate collection such data for fish amphibians. However, VIE might have important drawbacks. Overall, four potential issues been proposed: tag loss or misidentification, limited number individual identifiers, enhanced...

Cooperative breeders serve as a model to study the evolution of cooperation, where costs and benefits helping are typically scrutinized at level group membership. However, cooperation is often observed in multi-level social organizations involving interactions among individuals various levels. Here, we argue that full understanding adaptive value complex organization requires identifying effect different levels on direct indirect fitness components. Our long-term field data show...

It is generally assumed that there sexual conflict over the mating system. In this view, polygyny benefits males at a cost to females, and it hence unclear why females accept polygynous mating. However, in facultatively fish, Neolamprologus pulcher, no costs of have thus far been detected. We hypothesized remained undetected because they accrue longer periods time through reduced tenure and/or survival. conducted an extended field study which we monitored behavior survival individuals...

Abstract One of the primary functions animal aggregations is defence against predators. Many social animals enjoy reduced predation risk as a result grouping, and individuals within groups can benefit from information transferred by their group‐mates about potential predator. We present evidence that tactile interaction behaviour we term “nudging” substantially modified group responses to threat in highly catfish, Corydoras aeneus . These catfish deployed nudges during flight responses,...

Abstract Cooperative behaviour often co‐occurs with the defence of key resources, typically in form a breeding site or territory communally exploited by group cooperating individuals. Nevertheless, not all animals that defend resources evolve advanced forms cooperation and sociality—many non‐cooperative species occupy do differ obvious ways from those inhabited cooperative species. A question is thus whether confers more subtle benefits, for example allowing access to higher quality through...

Dingemanse • Contemporary behavioral ecology (Keiser et al. 2016), and the selective harvesting of animal populations by humans (Biro Post 2008).The more novel these findings examine effects among-individual trait variance, although new studies are showing within-individual variance (Ioannou Dall 2016).I am not confident that would have been designed without personality movement.Beekman Jordan's (2017) examples concerning sparrow morphs queen versus worker comparisons continue to focus on...

Abstract Female infanticide is common in animal societies where groups comprise multiple co-breeding females. To reduce the risk that their offspring are killed, mothers can synchronize breeding and pool offspring, making it hard for females to avoid killing own young. However, female reproductive conflict does not invariably result synchrony, we lack a general hypothesis explaining variation resolution strategies seen across species. Here, investigate fitness consequences of birth timing...

Abstract The astonishing diversity of brain sizes observed across the animal kingdom is typically explained in context trade‐offs: benefits a larger brain, such as enhanced cognitive ability, are balanced against potential costs, increased energetic demands. Several hypotheses have been formulated this framework, placing different emphasis on ecological, behavioural, or physiological aspects trade‐offs size evolution. Within body work, there exists considerable taxonomic bias towards studies...

The relationships between mating decisions and parental investment are central to evolution, but date few theoretical treatments of their coevolution have been developed. Here we adopt a demographically explicit, adaptive dynamics approach analyze the female both sexes in self-consistent way. Our models predict that where females cannot interfere with one another's they do not differ survival fecundity prospects, monogamy should be rare, favored only under harsh environmental conditions,...

Evolution towards complex forms of sociality is dependent on overcoming conflicts interest between prospective social partners. Competition for limited resources a key aspect such conflicts. Behaviour that results in conflict resolution without termination the relationship thus predicted to be more prevalent species. We here tested this hypothesis by staging contests conspecifics over crucial resource, using three lamprologine cichlid species differ their sociality. The cooperatively...

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A variety of fish species have proven instrumental in the investigation evolution, behavior, ecology, and physiology, among many other fields. Many model systems (e.g., zebrafish, guppies, three-spined sticklebacks) been maintained by institutions had protocols written with respect to their husbandry. Here we present developed maintain breed a Corydoras catfish species, which are native tropical Americas. excellent for investigating topics, our husbandry would be suitable nearly every genus....

A variety of fish species have proven instrumental in the investigation evolution, behavior, ecology, and physiology, among many other fields. Many model systems (e.g., zebrafish, guppies, three-spined sticklebacks) been maintained by institutions had protocols written with respect to their husbandry. Here we present developed maintain breed a Corydoras catfish species, which are native tropical Americas. excellent for investigating topics, our husbandry would be suitable nearly every genus....

Coordinated responses to threats are important for predator evasion in many species. This study examines the effect of developmental social experience on antipredator behavior and group cohesion a highly gregarious catfish that communicates via tactile interaction,

Abstract Many studies have found a link between higher habitat structural complexity and increased relative brain size in vertebrates. Here we explore this relationship multi-species comparison, comparing ten species of wild cichlids that differ their social territorial behaviour, but which occur across four ecologically similar structurally diverse rocky habitats. This design allows us to perform repeated intra-specific comparisons, avoiding confounds associated with comparisons boundaries....

Abstract One of the primary functions animal aggregations is defense against predators. Many social animals enjoy reduced predation risk as a result grouping, and individuals within groups can benefit from information transferred by their group-mates about potential predator. We present evidence that tactile interaction behavior we term ‘nudging’ substantially modified group responses to threat in highly catfish species, Corydoras aeneus . These deployed nudges during flight responses, these...