Foraging skills influence food intake and could therefore also play a role in mate choice decision. Previous empirical work has shown that individuals benefit from being groups include with variety of foraging as this increases success. This idea, formalized the skill-pool hypothesis, may extend to choice. Diverse can expand niche pair offspring through enhanced parental provisioning, exposure broader skillset. To test we trained captive female male budgerigars solve one two different novel...

Abstract Background High‐frequency repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) stimulating the primary motor cortex (M1) is an alternative, adjunctive therapy for improving symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether high frequency rTMS positively correlates to improvement PD still undecided. By controlling other parameters, a animal model may be useful compare neuroprotective effects different frequencies rTMS. Objective The current exploratory study was designed protective...

Large brains provide adaptive cognitive benefits but require unusually high, near-constant energy inputs and become fully functional well after their growth is completed. Consequently, young of most larger-brained endotherms should not be able to independently support the development own brains. This paradox solved if evolution extended parental provisioning facilitated brain size evolution. Comparative studies indeed show that coevolved with it may improve immature survival. The major role...

The silver spoon hypothesis proposes that individuals which develop under favorable conditions will gain fitness benefits throughout their lifetime. Hatching order may create a considerable size hierarchy within brood and lead to earlier-hatched nestlings having competitive advantage over siblings, has been illustrated in some studies. However, there have few explorations into the effect on subsequent generations. Here, using 15-year-long study, we investigated long-term consequences of...

Brain size variability in primates has been attributed to various domain-specific socio-ecological factors. A recently published large-scale study of short-term memory abilities 41 primate species (ManyPrimates 2022 Anim. Behav. Cogn. 9, 428–516. (doi: 10.26451/abc.09.04.06.2022 )) did not find any correlations with 11 different proxies external cognitive demands. Here, we found that the interspecific variation test performance shows correlated evolution total brain size, relationship...

Abstract Background The allocation of resources between offspring size and number is a central question life-history theory. Although several studies have tested the existence this trade-off, few investigated how environmental variation influences to number. Additionally, relationship population dynamics far less understood. Methods We investigate whether resource egg clutch influenced by ambient temperature it may be related apparent nest survival rate. measured 1548 eggs from 541 nests two...

AbstractCrook published a landmark study on the social organization of weavers (or weaverbirds, family Ploceidae) that contributed to emergence sociobiology, behavioral ecology, and phylogenetic comparative methods. By comparing spatial distribution, mating systems, Crook suggested distribution food resources breeding habitats influence weaver aggregation during both nonbreeding season (flocking vs. solitary foraging) (colonial breeding), latter in turn impacts systems sexual selection....

Abstract Brain size variability in primates has been attributed to various domain-specific socio-ecological factors. A recently published large-scale study of short-term memory abilities 41 primate species [1] did not find any correlations with 11 different proxies external cognitive demands. Here we found that the interspecific variation test performance shows correlated evolution total brain size, relationship becoming tighter as small sample sizes were successively removed, whereas it was...

BACKGROUND:Worldwide, stroke results in healthcare costs and economic costs, particularly patients aged <45 years. This study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing burden of ischemic younger China based on Trial Org 10172 Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) etiological classification. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Retrospective review medical records 961 between 18–45 years, diagnosed with acute stroke, was performed identify for one year. severity assessed using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score...

Socially monogamous birds may break up their partnership by a so-called ‘divorce’ behaviour. Divorce rates vary immensely across avian taxa that have predominantly social mating system. Although various factors associated with divorce been tested, broad-scale drivers of rate remain contentious. Moreover, the influence sexual roles in still needs further investigation because conflicting interests males and females over fertilization. Here, we applied phylogenetic comparative methods to...

Due to the influence of bio-geographical and environmental factors, as well anthropogenic landscape features, organisms show different reproductive strategies among populations. There is a lack detailed information on biology Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus in arid lands Central Asia. In this study, we summarized characteristics three geographically distinct populations Aibi Lake northwestern Xinjiang, Taitema southern Xinjiang artificial reservoirs around Urumqi City northern based...

Understanding the main ecological factors of nesting habitat shorebirds is great significance in relation to their protection and management. Habitat loss change due a lack water threaten biodiversity shorebirds, with impacts likely be most pronounced arid lands. We collected data 144 sites 10 during breeding season from April July each year 2019 2020 nine river districts Xinjiang. The MaxEnt model was applied assess suitability habitats for Kentish plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) study...

Abstract Vertebrate brains show extensive variation in relative size. The expensive brain hypothesis argues that one important source of this is linked to a species’ ability generate the energy required sustain brain, especially during periods unavoidable food scarcity. Here we ask whether hypothesis, tested so far endothermic vertebrates, also applies ectotherms, where ambient temperature an additional major aspect balance. Phylogenetic comparative analyses reptiles and amphibians support...

Sex allocation theory predicts that females mated to attractive males produce more sons than unattractive males. However, previous tests of this hypothesis have obtained mixed results. We suggest differ in the traits they find attractive. To test proposition, we assessed female zebra finches' preferences for banded with red or green plastic leg bands and then tested sex pattern paired preferred non-preferred Although most red-banded males, 34% consistently green-banded The ratio at laying...

Abstract Although dispersal is a key driver of population dynamics and species distributions, we still know little about how it affects the endangered restricted-range species. Density-dependent effects on in particular may be critical for range expansion recovering populations. After 1981, when last 7 wild individuals Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) were discovered China, remained confined to single location (“original nesting area”) until 2000 (&amp;lt;24 breeding pairs). Then, began...

Due to the influence of bio-geographical and environmental factors, as well anthropogenic landscape features, organism shows different reproductive strategies among populations. There is lack detailed information on biology Kentish plover Charadrius al-exandrinus in arid lands Central Asia. In this study, we summarized characteristics three geographically distinct populations Aibi Lake Northwestern Xinjiang, Taitema Southern Xinjiang artificial reservoirs around Urumqi City Northern...

Male ornamentation is usually costly and may show trades-offs with other life-history traits such as paternal care, which can subsequently affect female preference. Studies on mate choice have mostly examined how mate-choice cues differ in their expression or ability to be detected different environmental contexts. However, less focus has been placed examining external forces preferences. The purpose of this study was explore parental investment strategy were mediated by ambient temperature....

We analyzed the synchronous relationship between forest cover and species distribution to explain contraction in range of brown eared-pheasant ( Crossoptilon mantchuricum ) China. Historical resources can provide effective records for reconstructing long-term dynamics. The eared-pheasant’s historical from 25 1947 CE, which included three provinces Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei based on this species’ habitat selection criteria, history forests, ancient climate change records, fossil data. current...

Animals must strike a balance between anti-predation behavior and other essential behaviors, such as foraging. Within the same species, strategies may vary on individuals' risk-taking preferences, in which process environment is determinant, addition to predator regime. The Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) exhibit tendency. This an endangered once inhabited exclusively China's Qinling Mountain. used be sole remaining wild population. However, over recent decades, this population has expanded....

Abstract Brain size varies greatly across and even within lineages. Attempts to explain this variation have mostly focused on the role of specific cognitive demands in social or ecological domain. However, their predictive power is modest, whereas effects additional functions, especially sensory information processing motor control, brain remain underexplored. Here, using phylogenetic comparative models, we show that socio-cognitive eco-cognitive do not direct links relative (that residual...

Foraging skills influence food intake and may therefore also play a role in mate choice decision. Previous empirical work has shown that individuals benefit from being groups include with variety of foraging as this increases success. This idea, formalized the skill-pool hypothesis, extend to choice. Diverse can expand niche pair offspring through enhanced parental provisioning, exposure broader skillset. To test we trained captive female male budgerigars solve one two different novel puzzle...

Abstract Many studies have found a link between higher habitat structural complexity and increased relative brain size in vertebrates. Here we explore this relationship multi-species comparison, comparing ten species of wild cichlids that differ their social territorial behaviour, but which occur across four ecologically similar structurally diverse rocky habitats. This design allows us to perform repeated intra-specific comparisons, avoiding confounds associated with comparisons boundaries....