The effects of phytate and phytase on broiler performance cellular humoral immunity was assessed by using 504 Cobb 500 female broilers fed nutritionally marginal diets. At 1 d age, the chicks were randomly allocated to 6 treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement including levels P (0.22 or 0.44%) dose rates an Escherichia coli-derived [0, 500, 1,000 units (FTU)/kg feed]. Both low- high-phytate diets corn soy based with same nutritional specifications (AME 2,900 kcal/kg, CP 21.00%, Ca...

An experiment was carried out to assess the effects of xylanase supplementation on performance, net energy and gut microflora broilers fed a wheat-based diet.Day-old male broiler chicks were allocated two dietary treatments.Each treatment composed six replicate cages seven per cage.The diets offered as mash.The treatments included i) basal diet deficient in metabolizable energy; ii) supplemented with commercial added at 4,000 U/kg feed.Bird nutrient utilization microbial populations...

Towels with complex woven structures are susceptible to biofilm formation during daily use. The composition of biofilms formed on towels used under real-life conditions has yet be studied. Thus, we investigated the color changes, structural integrity, and development continuously for 10 weeks by 12 volunteers in specific kitchen environments. Apparent composed bacteria extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) were found all towels. concentrations ranged from 4 7 log CFU/g. Proteins most...

ABSTRACT Behavioral and dietary flexibility allow primates to effectively exploit resources that fluctuate in time space. Here we examined monthly variation the diet activity budget of a wild nonprovisioned group Tibetan macaques inhabiting Mt. Huangshan, China. From October 2022 September 2023, recorded behavior collected data on food availability, temperature, rainfall, day length. We found over 12‐month period, fed 109 plant species. The main types consumed were fruits (54.5%), leaves...

The effects of phytases on the performance layers and ileal nutrient digestibility corn-, soybean-, by-product meal-based diets were assessed with 320 Hy-Line brown from 23 to 28 wk age. Layers grouped randomly into 5 treatments, 8 replicates per treatment replicate. consisted a positive control diet adequate Ca (3.30%), total P (0.50%), nonphytate (NPP; 0.28%), negative reduced by 0.12%, 0.14%, NPP 0.13%, 3 (phytase A derived Aspergillus niger, B C Escherichia coli) supplemented at 300...

The objective of this study was to assess the effect xylanase on net energy for production, performance, nutrient digestion and gut microflora broilers fed corn/soy-based diet.Eighty-four day-old male broiler chicks were allocated two groups receiving treatments, respectively.Each treatment had six replicate cages with seven per cage.The diets based corn soybean.The treatments were: i) basal diet reduced in apparent metabolizable (-0.63 MJ/kg compared commercial specifications); ii)...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect enzymolytic products soybean meal (ESBM), as one protein sources in diet, on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune function weaned piglets. Soybean produced by bioprocessing with fermentation enzymolysis contains reduced anti-nutritional factors improved utilization. A total 240 piglets (DurocLandraceYorkshire, body weight) were randomly allocated 4 treatments 6 pens per treatment 10 pen. diets based corn-soybean ESBM...

The impact of two enzyme preparations in either sorghumor wheat-based broiler diets on nutrient utilization and growth performance was determined. One preparation (Enzyme A) combined protease, xylanase s-glucanase activities the second P) contained activity. Sorghumor starter (1-14 days), grower (15-28) finisher (29-42) without or with Enzyme A P were offered to broilers from 1-42 days post-hatch. Each six dietary treatments replicates birds per cage. Total excreta collections completed...

A review was undertaken to obtain information on the sustainability of pig free-range production systems including management, performance and health pigs in system.Modern outdoor rearing requires simple portable flexible housing with low cost fencing.Local breeds outdoor-adapted for certain environment are generally more suitable systems.Free-range farms should be located a rainfall area paddocks relatively flat, light topsoil overlying free-draining subsoil absence sharp stones that can...

Small scale operations in which poultry forage freely around farms is widespread on rura l properties. In Australia grain farmers, market gardeners and graziers integrate into their farming system. this system, birds are unrestricted movements except that they usually locked sheds at night for protection from predators. Consumers pay a premium eggs chicken meat the grounds of enhanced welfare Eggs perceived as having superior taste nutritional The purpose experiment was to determine impact...

The composition and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of the feed resources consumed by free-range layers was assessed analyzing their crop contents. A chemical estimate AME contents 14.3 MJ/kg for hens not supplemented 15.5 given supplementary compound (on a dry matter basis). These values were considerably higher than estimated on based ingredients visually identified in (6.6 MJ/Kg with no supplement 10.4 supplement). Further studies are required to refine measurement Behaviour birds...

Under a typical Mediterranean environment in southern Australia, the evaporation rate increases significantly hot summers, resulting highly saline drinking water for grazing animals.Also cropping areas, dryland salinity is problem.Grazing animals under these environments can ingest excessive amount of salt from feed, and soil, which lead to reduction growth rate.To understand impact high intake on deer, two experiments were conducted assess effect levels feed red fallow weaner deer.The...

Two experiments were conducted to compare digestibility of 12 diets in sheep, red and fallow deer.No differences (p>0.05) between deer dry matter, organic matter digestible energy content for all found except the sorghum diet medic hay.Sheep digested better than deer.An vitro study showed that sheep had a lower both deer, with significant interaction animal species feed ingredient.Deer straws hays (p<0.05)than sheep.In was vivo digestibility, but significantly correlated deer.The method...

Ostrich farming is a developing industry in most countries the world, with farm profitability being largely dependent on quality of products, especially skins and meat.To produce it essential to ensure that nutrient supply matches requirements ostriches during their growth.To achieve this, information feed utilisation efficiency at different maturity stages required.In South Africa, number experiments were carried out assess nutritive value define requirement ostriches.These data derived...

Some grain farmers, market gardeners and graziers integrate hens into their farming system in Australia. In this system, move freely around the farm except that they are usually locked sheds at night for protection from predators. Consumers pay a premium eggs due to enhanced welfare of free-range system. The purpose experiment was compare impact vs. sheep when integrated wheat stubble crop pasture rotation availability, weeds soil fertility were measured before after grazing. Laying stocked...

The effect of grazing intensity and cultivar on plant morphology was examined with 26 cultivars subterranean clover during the growing season. were grown in 3 groups (early, mid, late) according to their flowering time grazed under 2 intensities (heavy light) at a 2-weekly interval. Heavy delayed by only about days for early late maturity without influencing duration. Late mid had more (P&lt; 0.05) branches, petioles, leaves shorter branches heavy than light grazing, whereas did not show any...

The understanding of seasonal forage intake grazing deer is essential for the development supplementary feeding strategies in southern Australia.The alkane technique used other animal species estimating feed individual animals and their diet composition.To assess potential using alkanes as a marker predicting fallow deer, daily faecal recovery excretion rate dosed artificial (C32 C36) were measured with 6 fed three based diets.The capsule designed use sheep suitable deer.Faecal samples need...