While there is typically a strong correlation between air traffic and economic growth, the direction of causation two not clear. To address existence causality in this paper we consider nature relationship different types regions. The empirical analysis based on European-level annual data from eighty-six regions thirteen countries regional performance period 1991 to 2010. Granger noncausality panel framework, which allows possible heterogeneity regions, was used. results suggest that...

ABSTRACT We examine the inter‐regional migration of university graduates from 1991 to 2003 in Finland. The results show that time matters: two‐years before and during graduation year hazard rates increase, then decrease thereafter. Although are particularly mobile, we find most them do not move their region studies within 10 years after graduation. out‐migration, i.e., brain drain, is much higher among more peripheral universities than growth centers (Helsinki particular). Migration also...

Abstract This paper analyses the role of regional unemployment on self-employment. The argues that family background separates individuals with respect to effect unemployment. empirical analysis is based data a sample Finnish residents aged 0–14 years in 1970 whose subsequent employment examined. results show high region pushes from self-employed families into self-employment, while it has opposite wage earner families. push seems work only among those who already have entrepreneurial skills...

Abstract Previous research has shown that the local environment is important for self-employment. The dynamics of self-employment varies between areas characterized by different labour market conditions, entrepreneurial traditions and other structural factors. This article analyses spells in Finland with a large register-based data set from period 1987 to 2002. main aim investigate role region-specific factors as compared individual-specific on duration spells. First, descriptive analysis...

The migration behaviour of the unemployed in Finland is analysed terms causal effect moving on individual employment status. In 1994, 17 percent labour force was and unemployment rate exhibited a very slow decline 1994–1996. Over half those who were at end 1994 still two years later. propensity to find job somewhat greater among migrants. However, positive diminishes once other personal characteristics are accounted for. Moreover, when controlling for endogenous migrant selectivity, an...

PEHKONEN J. and TERVO H. (1998) Reg. Studies, 32 , 445-458, Persistence turnover in regional unemployment disparities. This study investigates persistence disparities Finland by examining time-series data on 10 labour districts 423 municipalities. The the indicates that are rather persistent steady-state rates differ considerably across districts. results municipality level data, however, suggest presence of substantial intra-distribution dynamics degree is less profound than district...

Niittykangas H. and Tervo (2005) Spatial variations in intergenerational transmission of self‐employment, Regional Studies 39 , 319–332. Intergenerational transfers human non‐human capital may motivate children to follow their self‐employed parent. This paper analyses occupational inheritance among families Finland. Longitudinal micro data from 1970–99 are exploited. The sample consists aged 0–14 years 1970. results show that having an entrepreneurial family background strengthens the...

Regional adjustment models are applied to explore causal interaction between two types of people distinguished by educational attainment, and jobs: creative class jobs other jobs. Data used for labour market regions in Finland, Norway Sweden from the 2000s. Creative follow with high attainment (one way causation), but also vice versa (circular causation). The results suggest that stimulating job growth could be accomplished through attracting higher education, added benefit initial stimulus...

HANNU TERVO AND NIITYKANGAS ARE BOTH employed at the Centre for Economic Research in Central Finland, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. There is an a priori case that unemployment can either increase or decrease new firm formation. This paper analyses how has affected entrepreneurship Finland where, after sustained period increase, formation began to fall during recession. The empirical analysis based on application various statistical methods regional data unemployment, and other factors....

This paper addresses the question of role migration as an adjustment process by analysing relationship between unemployment and labour force mobility. The empirical analysis deals with long-distance in Finland period 1985-90. When considered within a multivariate setting which personal place characteristics are held constant, results show that higher origin rates increase outmigration, but not particularly for unemployed workers. Three outcomes deduced from results. First, equilibrating...

Self-employment in later life may be either a career option or form of partial retirement. This paper adds knowledge about those individuals who start business when they are older. A large longitudinal data set is utilized to examine the transitions aged 55–74 self-employment Finland. The significance prior activity as well personal, household, financial, and environmental characteristics analyzed for transitions. results show that most entering have experience, thus suggesting...

Abstract Despite their importance from a policy point of view, empirical studies on the effects growth centres in regions are rare. This paper analyses mutual relationships between processes and surrounding hinterlands 19 Finnish regions. Annual population data period 1970–2004 used. A novel testing procedure based an extension Granger causality definition panel context is applied. Heterogeneity allowed. Both homogeneous non-causality hypothesis rejected. Causal prove to be heterogeneous....

Abstract. This paper deals with the transitions and alternation between self-employment, paid-employment non-employment in Finland 1987–1999, paying special attention to differences self-employment dynamics areas characterized by different labour market conditions, viz. rural urban locations. Markovian analysis reveals significant type of area processes transition three states. Alternation other markets states turns out be greater than areas. Five major types alternating working careers are...

Depressed regions typically lose a large number of migrants but simultaneously are destination for some migrants. This study analyzes those people who decided to move depressed in Finland 1993-1996. The analysis is based on 1 percent sample drawn from the Finnish longitudinal census. results show that migration into also selective process. Return only one part this migration. However, more educated an individual is, likely she or he flourishing region. process concentration human capital...

This paper analyses female and male entrepreneurship the differences between them in Finland. The self-employment rate is clearly lower than that of shows differing behaviour accounts for rates females males. predicted earnings differential paid employment has a divergent effect on probabilities self-employment. For males, it positive (as expected). females, no effect, which accentuates other motives they have Both spouse family are found to bigger effects Yet, personal characteristics...

(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)1. IntroductionOver the past 50 years, regional and urban researchers have discussed fundamental causes of growth processes. The chicken-and-egg controversy whether people follow jobs or is a recurring subject. Which comes first, demand supply? Does population drive employment changes, does changes? Specifically, do regions grow because firms create follow, move to region for quality-of-life other non-economic reasons (Ferguson et al., 2007)?...

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the developments in location of business services Finland, with special reference to regional variation entry and exit rates firms. Business service industries have grown very rapidly Finland same way as other countries. The supply is typically highly centralized. In concentration diminished acceleration I growth manufacturing less advanced regions during 1970s. this had effect stimulating market for different development phases faced by are proposed a possible...