Circular uniform pressure distribution has been traditionally utilised in the analysis of mechanical-based asphalt pavement. However, both magnitude along tyre width and length shows non-uniformity. Thus, EverStressFE, a 3D software package, was applied to establish numerical model flexible base pavement structure under non-uniform vertical contact pressure. Comparisons were made among non-uniformity uniformity on surface deflection, shear strain, tensile strain at bottom concrete layer...

Abstract The measurement of pavement surface deflections under moving loads can be used for evaluation structural condition. objective this paper is to develop an innovative backcalculation method calculate layer moduli based on traffic speed deflectometer (TSD) measurements and analyze factors influencing results. 2.5D finite element (FEM) constrained extended Kalman filter (CEKF). Field at different sections were verify the accuracy Parametric analysis was conducted evaluate influences...

The (TiNbZrCr)Nx high-entropy nitride films (HENFs) were prepared by high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HPPMS). effect of the N2 flow rate (FN) on HPPMS plasma discharge, film composition, microstructure, residual stress, tribological properties, and corrosion resistance was investigated. Results show that, with increase in FN, discharge is enhanced. Firstly, introduced N atoms react Ti, Nb, Cr, Zr to form an FCC phase structure. Then, bombardment deposited film, HENFs undergo...

This study investigates different on-site paving methods for the base course, establishing a model using computational programme GAMES based on elastic layered system theory. The impact of number layers, thickness and bonding condition at interfaces between sub-layers fatigue characteristics asphalt pavement structure with cement-stabilized steel slag (CSS) course is investigated. Furthermore, this explores factors such as forming method, curing time cement content CSS mixtures through...

This study developed two-and-half dimensional (2.5-D) finite element method (FEM) to predict viscoelastic pavement responses under moving loads and nonuniform tire contact stresses. The accuracy of 2.5-D FEM was validated with two analytical solutions for elastic conditions. Compared three-dimensional (3-D) FEM, the computational efficiency greatly improved. effects loading pattern speed on surface deflection strain were analyzed asphalt pavements four different layer thicknesses. included...

This paper proposes a multidirectional piezoelectric vibration energy harvester based on an improved U-shaped structure with cross-connected beams. Benefitting from the bi-directional capacity of beam and additional bending mode induced by configuration, proposed can well capture vibrations in 3D space at frequencies lower than 15 Hz. These features are further validated finite element analyses theorical formulas. The prototype is fabricated experiments under different conditions carried...

The appropriate selection of treatment methods for a soft soil subgrade is critical to highway widening projects. In this paper, plane strain conditions are considered in the analysis prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) and dry jet mixing (DJM) columns. PLAXIS used develop finite element models simulation PVD DJM treated embankments over soils model results include settlements during after embankment construction lateral displacements subgrade. This paper also investigates working mechanisms...

The techniques that harvest mechanical energy from low-frequency, multidirectional environmental vibrations have been considered a promising strategy to implement sustainable power source for wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things. However, obvious inconsistency in output voltage operating frequency among different directions may bring hindrance management. To address this issue, paper reports cam-rotor-based approach piezoelectric vibration harvester. cam rotor can transform...

In order to collect mechanical energy from human motions on pavement without an obvious disturbance, a piezoelectric harvester for small displacement is proposed. A seesaw mechanism utilized transmit the pressure beams. Benefitting superiority of used axially deformed beams, designed scheme can produce higher voltage than ones based conventional bending cantilever. Favorable electrical achieved by manufactured prototype under lower 1 mm. Two practical applications, including charging...

Designing lightweight and comfortable automotive vehicles is a primary aim of the industry. Lightweight wheel designs can have negative effect on dynamic impact performance wheel; therefore, striking balance between these two factors key objective in design vehicles. Magnesium alloy wheels were investigated as magnesium has damping advantages over some metal materials. Damping test methods designed to establish parameters material. A finite element analysis model was established with certain...

Lightweighting of automobile vehicle is a significant application trends, using magnesium alloy wheels valuable way. This article discusses design new model wheel. Then bending test and radial finite element were established. Considering three different materials namely alloy, aluminium steel, the stress strain performances each material can be obtained. Through evaluating analyzing in test, we obtained reasonable superior results for The equivalent deformation compared, wheel practicality...

The structural mechanics analysis of the Portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP) is considerably complicated and distinctive. From application viewpoint, capabilities characteristics two typical professional finite element software products, named KENSLABS EverFE, are analyzed. similarities differences between these programs compared. comparisons focus on some key factors modeling solution strategies, such as type, meshing, traffic load temperature curling, boundary conditions, contact...

In this study, considering the non-uniform action of actual wheel loads, influence bonding conditions at surface layer/base and base/subbase interfaces on structure flexible base asphalt pavement was investigated. The mechanical response under two extreme – one with full slip other complete continuity calculated by using three-dimensional finite element software EverStressFE. Moreover, dynamic evolution life different comprehensively explored. results show that had effects deflection, shear...

We experimentally investigated the coalescence of two sessile microdrops on rigid surfaces with diverse wettability (macroscopic apparent water contact angles θapp ≈ 13–110°) and hydrophobic (θapp 110–124°) very different stiffness properties (Young's moduli E 1.1 MPa to 130 GPa). show that contains fast regimes, in which a liquid meniscus bridging parent droplets rapidly grows, forming hemi-ellipsoidal droplet, slow regime, merged droplet relaxes equilibrium hemispherical cap. Whereas...

The structural performance and lightweighting of car base frame design is a challenging task due to all the targets that must be satisfied. In this paper, three kinds materials (iron, aluminum magnesium alloy) replacement along with section optimization strategy proposed develop lightweight structure satisfy tensile safety while reducing weight. Two cross-sections are considered as variables. Using Ansys static structure, problem solved, comparing results each step, flame optimized for lightweight.

This paper presents an investigation into the properties of membrane structures for space-based antenna applications. Various experimental activities that have been undertaken at early phase development a multi-layer, deployable structure are outlined. The membranes described here prototypes possible on-orbit flight experiment in thin deployment, where such addresses necessary questions related to use this technology synthetic aperture radar. shape surface its deployed state was selected...

An elastoplastic numerical model for calculating the consolidation settlement of wide embankment on soft ground is established using PLAXIS finite element software to investigate behaviour under embankment. The distribution rules are analysed and compared narrow embankments, such as surface settlements embankment, lateral displacement at foot slope excess pore pressure in ground. influence rule elastic modulus discussed. results show that distributions embankments “W” “V” shapes,...

The inference phase of Large Language Models (LLMs) is very expensive. An ideal stage LLMs could utilize fewer computational resources while still maintaining its capabilities (e.g., generalization and in-context learning ability). In this paper, we try to answer the question, "During LLM inference, can use shallow layers for easy instances; deep hard ones?" To first indicate that Not all Layers are Necessary during Inference by statistically analyzing activated across tasks. Then, propose a...