To assess the association between first myocardial infarction and use of antihypertensive agents.We conducted a population-based case-control study among enrollees Group Health Cooperative Puget Sound (GHC).Cases were hypertensive patients who sustained fatal or nonfatal from 1986 through 1993 women 1989 men. Controls stratified random sample GHC enrollees, frequency matched to cases on age, sex, calendar year. All 623 2032 controls had pharmacologically treated hypertension. Data collection...

Most studies examining the relation between residential environment and health have used census-derived measures of neighborhood socioeconomic position (SEP). There is a need to identify specific features neighborhoods relevant disease risk, but few these exist, their measurement properties are understudied. In this paper, authors 1) develop (scales) that important in cardiovascular 2) assess psychometric ecometric measures, 3) examine individual- neighborhood-level predictors measures....

Missing data are a pervasive problem in many public health investigations. The standard approach is to restrict the analysis subjects with complete on variables involved analysis. Estimates from such can be biased, especially if who included systematically different those were excluded terms of one or more key variables. Severity bias estimates illustrated through simulation study logistic regression setting. This article reviews three approaches for analyzing incomplete data. first involves...

: The goal of this study was to investigate cross-sectional associations between features neighborhoods and hypertension examine the sensitivity results various methods estimating neighborhood conditions.: We used data from Multi-Ethnic Study Atherosclerosis on 2612 individuals 45-85 years age. Hypertension defined as systolic blood pressure above 140 mm Hg, diastolic 90 or use antihypertensive medications. Neighborhood (census tract) conditions potentially related (walking environment,...

AbstractMultiple imputation was first conceived as a tool that statistical agencies could use to handle nonresponse in large-sample public surveys. In the last two decades, multiple-imputation framework has been adapted for other contexts. For example, individual researchers multiple missing data small samples, disseminate multiply-imputed sets purposes of protecting confidentiality, and survey methodologists epidemiologists correct measurement errors. some these settings, Rubin's original...

Background In a population-based study, we examined the relationship between risk of myocardial infarction (MI) among young women and plasma total homocysteine (tHCY), folate, vitamin B 12 , common cytosine (C) to thymine (T) polymorphism in gene for 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Methods Results In-person interviews nonfasting blood samples were obtained from 79 <45 years old diagnosed with MI 386 demographically similar control subjects living western Washington state...

Various psychosocial factors have been linked to adult physical health and are also associated with socioeconomic position in adulthood. We evaluated the effect of conditions over life course on measures functioning adulthood.Life was assessed by retrospective recall parents' education occupation when respondent age 10, respondents' education, occupation, income 2585 men from eastern Finland aged 42, 48, 54, 60 years. Measures were derived scales measuring cynical hostility, hopelessness,...

The relation of trans-fatty acid intake to life-threatening arrhythmias and primary cardiac arrest is unknown.We investigated the association intake, assessed through a biomarker, with risk in population-based case-control study. Cases, aged 25 74 years, were out-of-hospital patients attended by paramedics Seattle, Washington from 1988 1999 (n=179). Controls, matched cases age sex, randomly identified community (n=285). Participants free previous clinically diagnosed heart disease. Blood was...

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) provides a rich source of data for studying relationships between income and health monitoring care persons at different levels. However, the nonresponse rates are high two key items, total family in previous calendar year personal earnings from employment year. To handle missing on NHIS, multiple imputation these along with status ratio to federal poverty threshold (derived imputed values income), has been performed survey years 1997–2004. (There...

Background Lower socioeconomic position (SEP) is related to higher prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, yet little known about the relationship SEP with incident diabetes.

The available data on low-dose oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use and stroke risk in US women are limited by small numbers. We sought more precise estimates conducting a pooled analysis of from 2 population-based case-control studies.We analyzed interview 175 ischemic cases, 198 hemorrhagic 1191 control subjects 18 to 44 years age.For stroke, the odds ratio (pOR) adjusted for factors current OCPs compared with who had never used OCP (never users) was 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29...

Exposure to airborne particulate matter has been linked cardiovascular events. Whether this finding reflects an effect of exposure on the triggering events or development atherosclerosis remains unknown. Using data from Multi-Ethnic Study Atherosclerosis collected at baseline (2000–2002), authors investigated associations 20-year exposures with measures subclinical disease (coronary calcium, common carotid intimal-medial thickness, and ankle-brachial index) in 5,172 US adults without...

We investigated whether race differences in weight gain over 34 years were because of socioeconomic position (SEP) and psychosocial behavioral factors (physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, depression, marital status, number children). used a life-course approach to SEP with 4 measures (childhood SEP, education, occupation, income) cumulative measure SEP.We mixed models data collected from the Alameda County Study examine association between change slopes baseline men...

Summary Non-response weighting is a commonly used method to adjust for bias due unit non-response in surveys. Theory and simulations show that, reduce effectively without increasing variance, covariate that adjustment needs be highly associated with both the response indicator survey outcome variable. In practice, these requirements pose challenge often overlooked, because those covariates are not observed or may exist. Surveys have recently begun collect supplementary data, such as...

Collecting data using probability samples can be expensive, and response rates for many household surveys are decreasing. The increasing availability of large sources opens new opportunities statisticians to use the information in survey more efficiently by combining with from these other sources. We review some work done date on statistical methods multiple sources, discuss limitations challenges different that have been proposed, describe research is needed estimates.

Demand for access to data, especially data collected using public funds, is ever growing. At the same time, concerns about disclosure of identities and sensitive information respondents providing are making collectors limit data. Synthetic sets, generated emulate certain key found in actual provide ability draw valid statistical inferences, an attractive framework afford widespread analysis while mitigating privacy confidentiality concerns. The goal this article a review various approaches...

Abstract This article develops a survey design where the questionnaire is split into components and individuals are administered varying subsets of components. A multiple imputation method for analyzing data from this developed, in which imputations created by random draws posterior predictive distribution missing parts, given observed parts using Gibbs sampling under general location scale model. Results two simulation studies that investigate properties inferences reported. In first study...

Cancer surveillance research requires estimates of the prevalence cancer risk factors and screening for small areas such as counties. Two popular data sources are Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a telephone survey conducted by state agencies, National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), an area probability sample through face-to-face interviews. Both have advantages disadvantages. The BRFSS is larger almost every county included in survey, but it has lower response rates...