A procedure is developed to predict electromagnetic interference from electronic products using near-field scan data. Measured data are used define equivalent electric and magnetic current sources characterizing the emissions an circuit. Reconciliation of performed allow be accurately applied within full-wave numerical modeling tools like finite-difference time domain (FDTD). Results show that radiated fields must typically represented by both if scattering multiple-reflections nearby...

More than 1 000 people are diagnosed with skin cancer each year in the United States, and more 10 die from disease. Methods such as visual inspection dermoscopy available for early detection of cancers, but improvement accuracy is needed. This paper investigates use microwave reflectometry a potential diagnostic tool cancers. Open-ended coaxial probes were used to measure properties skin. The influences measurement parameters probe application pressure, power level, variation reflection...

Rapidly switching semiconductors in modern high power inverter/motor-drive systems generate fast changing voltages and currents which may result unwanted emissions. While models of inverters have been built the past to predict emissions, they are typically "black box" where cause solution emissions problems is difficult analyze. To improve inverter system design strategies, a detailed measurement-based SPICE model was there straightforward correlation between geometry parasitic circuit...

This paper presents laboratory materials on Digital Signal Processing (DSP) for Computer Engineering (CmpE) curriculum using Altera’s DE2 FPGA (Field Programmable Array) university kits. The kit has been adopted by many universities courses digital logic, embedded systems, and computer architecture. However, it not fully exploited DSP. We take advantage of the multiplier blocks IP (Intellectual Property) cores available in on-board to demonstrate basic filter operations. Although number...

The accurate and timely discovery of radio receivers can assist in the detection radio-controlled explosives. Superheterodyne emit low-power signals during normal operation. These are known as unintended emissions. In this paper, emissions superheterodyne analyzed. Such exposed to stimulation signals, their behavior is measured. Recorded demonstrate that it possible inject arbitrary into a radio's using relatively weak signal. This effect called stimulated A novel system uses these proposed....

This paper presents a preliminary study showing the diagnostic potential of electrical impedance to detect basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Electrical was measured in vivo from 1 kHz MHz on 24 human subjects over BCC (19 lesions), benign tumors (11 and normal skin (all patients). Lesions ranged 2-15 mm diameter. Indexes based magnitude (MIX), phase (PIX), real-part (RIX) imaginary-part (IMIX) were calculated for each measurement. Significant differences found between measurements BCC, lesions...

Worst-case estimates of crosstalk in cable bundles are useful for flagging potential problems, but may also flag problems that only occur very rarely, due to the random variation wire positions and other characteristics harness. Prediction realistically requires statistical methods. Monte Carlo simulation techniques often used account variation, time consuming do not provide intuition toward cause of, or solution to, problems. Here, we investigate prediction statistically ldquoreasonable...

High-frequency currents on the pins of integrated circuits (ICs) and printed circuit board (PCB) traces are needed to predict analyze electromagnetic interference in high-speed devices. These can, however, be difficult measure when buried within PCB or chip-package, especially several current-carrying close proximity. Techniques for estimating high-frequency from near-field scan data proposed this paper. techniques applied find an IC, beneath other a PCB, over slot ground plane. Methods...

The common-mode current induced on cables attached to printed circuit boards can be a significant source of radiated emissions. Previous studies have shown that coupling from electric and magnetic field sources effectively modeled by placing equivalent voltage between the board cable. amplitude these estimated using closed-form equations; however, estimates emissions board-cable geometries required full-wave simulations, simulation results depend exact cable length placement, which are not...

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) failures in high-speed integrated circuits (ICs) cause critical reliability problems electronic devices. Transient voltage suppressor (TVS) diodes are installed on I/O traces to improve system-level ESD protection. To protect the circuit, majority of current must flow into external TVS diode rather than IC, but due turn- <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</small> behavior, may not snap back when...

Variations in electrical impedance over frequency might be used to distinguish basal cell carcinoma (BCC) from benign skin lesions, although the patterns that separate two are nonobvious. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) may good pattern classifiers for this application. A preliminary study show potential of malignant lesions using is presented. Electrical was measured vivo 1 kHz MHz at five virtual depths on 18 BCC and 16 or premalignant lesions. feed-forward network trained back...

Crosstalk within cable bundles can degrade system performance. In aircraft systems that use shielded twisted pairs, the crosstalk occurs primarily in connector where individual signal wires are not or twisted. many cases, parameters which determine unknown because is closed and cannot be easily accessed. Expanding on prior research <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref14" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[14]</xref> , a methodology for...

When running, vehicles with internal combustion engines radiate electromagnetic emissions that are characteristic of the vehicle. Emissions depend on electronics, harness wiring, body type, and many other features. Since unique to each vehicle, these may be used for identification purposes. This paper investigates a procedure detecting identifying based their RF emissions. Parameters like average magnitude or standard deviation within frequency band were extracted from measured emission...

One of the most widely used methods for evaluating electromagnetic compatibility integrated circuits (ICs) involves mounting IC on a printed circuit board embedded in wall TEM cell. cell measurements are influenced by both electric and magnetic field coupling from its package. This paper describes how hybrid can be to isolate coupling. Knowledge dominant mechanism troubleshoot radiated emissions problems due ICs.

One method for evaluating the unintentional radiated emissions from integrated circuits (ICs) involves mounting IC on a printed circuit board (PCB) embedded in wall of transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell. The signal voltages and its package produce electric fields that can couple to cables other structures attached PCB, inducing common-mode currents be primary source emissions. magnetic also result larger radiating structures. This paper describes TEM cell measurement employing hybrid...

A nonlinear power distribution network model for characterizing the immunity of integrated circuits (ICs) to electrical fast transients (EFTs) is proposed and validated. The includes electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection diodes passive impedances between domains. Model parameters are based on external measurements using a vector analyzer curve tracer. Impedance measured pins while IC biased operating, used determine individual elements model. Inclusion active power-clamp circuitry also...

Switching current drawn by an integrated circuit (IC) creates dynamic power supply noise on the IC and printed board (PCB), which in turn causes jitter I/ O signals reduces maximum clock frequency. Predicting is challenging due to complexity of determining impedance delivery network. In this paper, a methodology developed for predicting PCB resulting from logic activity field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Time-domain switching currents within FPGA are found performing simulations...

Integrated circuits (ICs) are often a significant source of radiated energy from electronic systems. Well designed ICs maintain good control the currents that they generate. However, poorly can drive high-frequency noise onto nominally low-frequency input and output pins. These excite unintentional radiating structures on printed circuit board, resulting in emissions difficult or expensive to control. The paper discusses use magnetic near-field scanning techniques measure current...

A method for creating a simple SPICE model is proposed such that the allows prediction of radiated emissions in component level tests, as those specified by CISPR 25 and MIL-STD 461. The predicts measured when antenna vertical direction, where are typically worst geometry. It shown radiation from ground connections between cables return plane dominates over horizontal cables. currents these predicted treating above transmission lines infinitesimal radiating dipoles. electric fields generated...

Large dv/dt and di/dt outputs of power devices in the DC-fed motor inverter can generate conducted and/or radiated emissions through parasitics that interfere with low voltage electric systems vehicles (EVs) nearby vehicles. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters, ferrite chokes, shielding added product process based on “black box” approach reduce emission levels a specific frequency range. However, these countermeasures may also introduce an unexpected increase EMI noises other...

Electromagnetic emissions were measured from several radio receivers to demonstrate the possibility of detecting and identifying these devices based on their unintended emissions. Radiated fields different have unique characteristics that can be used identify by analyzing time-frequency plots radiation. A neural network was also developed for automated device detection.

Common-mode currents can be induced on cables attached to printed circuit boards (PCBs) due electric and magnetic field coupling. This paper describes a technique for using transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell measurements obtain an effective common-mode voltage (or moment) that quantifies the ability of traces integrated circuits PCBs drive onto equivalent used reduce complexity full-wave models calculate radiated emissions from system containing board. It also without modeling provide...