This study investigated the behavior of a non-corroded reinforced concrete (RC) beam and two RC beams with non-uniform corrosion (whole span side span) in four-point bending test. The distributions tensile steel rebars were measured by methods: diameter loss mass loss. peak values distribution diameter-loss measurements much greater than those mass-loss measurements. However, average according to was smaller that trends same methods, indicating good measurement accuracy. From test results,...

DNA topoisomerases solve topological problems during chromosome metabolism. We investigated where and when Top1 Top2 are recruited on replicating chromosomes how their inactivation affects fork integrity damage checkpoint activation. show that, in the context of chromatin, act within a 600-base-pair (bp) region spanning moving forks. exhibits additional S-phase clusters at specific intergenic loci, mostly containing promoters. TOP1 ablation does not affect progression stability cause...

Studying how motor adaptation to visuomotor rotation for one reach direction generalizes other directions can provide insight into maps are represented and learned in the brain. Previous psychophysical studies have concluded that postadaptation generalization is restricted a narrow range of around training direction. A population-coding model updates weights between Gaussian-tuned visual units on each trial reproduced experimental trial-by-trial learning curves function measured...

Mrc1 (mediator of replication checkpoint), Tof1 (topoisomerase I interacting factor), and Csm3 (chromosome segregation in meiosis) are checkpoint-mediator proteins that function during DNA activate the effector kinase Rad53. We reported previously constituents machinery both required for proper arrest stabilization forks presence hydroxyurea. In our current study, we show is a component moving specifically association with these structures. contrast, deletion mrc1 did not affect fork...

Movement duration is an integral component of motor control, but nearly all extant optimization models planning prefix instead explaining it. Here we propose a new principle that predicts movement duration. The model assumes the brain attempts to minimize under constraint meeting accuracy criterion. criterion task and context dependent fixed for given context. determines unique as trade-off between speed (time optimality) (acceptable endpoint scatter). We analyzed linear plant, obtained...

We here provide neural evidence that the cerebellar circuit can predict future inputs from present outputs, a hallmark of an internal forward model. Recent computational studies hypothesize cerebellum performs state prediction known as To test forward-model hypothesis, we analyzed activities 94 mossy fibers (inputs to cortex), 83 Purkinje cells (output cortex dentate nucleus), and 73 nucleus (cerebellar output) in cerebro-cerebellum, all recorded monkey performing step-tracking movements...

The 2015 Japan Standard Population (JSP) was established in response to changes the age structure. However, effects of major updates, especially recategorization older groups, for interpreting various health metrics have not been clarified.Population data were collected and estimated categories (85-89, 90-94, ≥95 years). Data on number deaths also from Vital Statistics. We recalculated all-cause leading cause-specific age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) using JSP by direct standardization...

The anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) converts heat flux perpendicular to the plane into electricity, in sharp contrast with Seebeck (SE), enabling mass production, large area, and flexibility of their devices through ordinary thin-film fabrication techniques. Heat sensors, one most promising applications ANE, are powerful for evaluating flow can lead energy savings efficient thermal management. In reality, however, SE caused by in-plane is always superimposed on measurement signal, making it...

Ctf4 is a protein conserved in eukaryotes and constituent of the replisome progression complex. It also plays role establishment sister chromatid cohesion. In our current study, we demonstrate that replication checkpoint activated absence Ctf4, interaction between MCM helicase-go ichi ni san (GINS) complex DNA polymerase alpha (Pol alpha)-primase destabilized specifically ctf4Delta mutant. An vitro GINS Pol was found to be mediated by Ctf4. The same not affected mediators Tof1 or Mrc1....

Background We compared mortality inequalities by occupational class in Japan and South Korea with those European countries, order to determine whether patterns are similar. Methods National register-based data from Japan, eight countries (Finland, Denmark, England/Wales, France, Switzerland, Italy (Turin), Estonia, Lithuania) covering the period between 1990 2015 were collected harmonised. calculated age-standardised all-cause cause-specific among men aged 35–64 measured magnitude of...

Japan is one of the world's largest tobacco epidemic countries but few studies have focused on socioeconomic inequalities. We aimed to examine whether inequalities in smoking reduced recent times.We analyzed data from Comprehensive Survey Living Conditions, a large nationally representative survey conducted every 3 years (n ≈ 700,000 per year) Japan, during 2001-2016. Age-standardized prevalence was computed based occupational class and educational level. calculated difference (PD) ratio...

For the protection of human head by energy absorption structures, a soft mechanical response upon contact with is required to mitigate effect impact, while hard for highly efficient stop movement head. This study realized opposite properties during transitioning deformation mode from bending auxetic compression. First, non-linear finite element (FE) models were constructed numerically reproduce behavior. The calculated force responses agreed well forces in tests. Using FE models, EA...

When subjects adapt their reaching movements in the setting of a systematic force or visual perturbation, generalization adaptation can be assessed psychophysically two ways: by testing untrained locations work space at end (slow postadaptation generalization) determining influence an error on next trial during (fast trial-by-trial generalization). These measures have been widely used psychophysical studies, but reason that they might differ has not addressed explicitly. Our goal was to...

Animals living in social environments evaluate rewards given to themselves and others. We previously showed that single-unit activities cortical (the medial prefrontal cortex, MPFC) subcortical dopaminergic midbrain nuclei, DA, the lateral hypothalamus, LH) regions reflect reward computation. Extending single-neuron analyses, this study employs matrix tensor decomposition methods characterize population activity within single interactions between pairs of regions. First, we determined...

Objective Changes in mortality inequalities across socioeconomic groups have been a substantial public health concern worldwide. We investigated changes absolute/relative occupations, and the contribution of different diseases to tandem with restructuring Japanese economy. Methods Using complete national death registries from 5 year intervals (1980–2010), all cause specific age standardised rates (ASMR per 100 000 people using standard population 1985, aged 30–59 years) 12 occupations were...

To calculate process quality measures of diabetes care in Japan using nationwide exclusive claims database.Using the National Database health insurance during 2015-2016, proportions outpatients who received recommended examinations at least annually among those with regular antidiabetic medication were calculated as indicators, reported altogether and by prefecture institutional certification (from Diabetes Society). Distributions institutional-level indicators also reported.Among 4,154,452...