ABSTRACT In six tufted ducks there was a linear relationship between heart rate and oxygen consumption when swimming at different velocities. Mean mean duration of voluntary dives 3·5 times resting not significantly from that maximum sustainable speed. Contrary to an earlier report (Prange & Schmidt-Nielsen, 1970), leg beat frequency increased with Although dive 51% higher than the value, it significant 59 beats min−1 lower predicted rate/oxygen obtained during swimming. This is,...

We tested the hypotheses that relationship between heart rate (fH) and of oxygen consumption ((O(2))) differs walking flying in geese fH (O(2)) have a U-shaped with flight speed. trained barnacle Branta leucopsis (mean mass 2.1 kg) bar-headed Anser indicus 2.6 to walk inside respirometer on treadmill fly wind tunnel respirometry mask at range speeds. measured simultaneously during five individuals each species one goose four tunnel. The relationships were significantly different walking. was...

As heart rate ( f H ) can be used to determine the energy expenditure of black-browed albatrosses Diomedea melanophrys (Bevan et al. 1994), data loggers - recording and abdominal temperature T ab -were implanted into free-ranging breeding at South Georgia. Five birds also had salt water switches (sws) attached one leg record when were on water, two others satellite transmitters their back birds’ position sea. The released natural environment recaptured, average, 23 days later removed. then...

ABSTRACT The South Georgian shag (Phalacrocorax georgianus) shows a remarkable diving ability comparable to that of penguins, yet nothing is known the physiology these birds. In this study, heart rates and abdominal temperatures were recorded continuously in four free-ranging shags using an implanted data-logger. A time–depth recorder was also attached back birds record their behaviour. behaviour essentially similar reported other studies, with maximum dive durations for individual ranging...

ABSTRACT A new design of flowmeter is described and used in a comprehensive study the respiratory cardiovascular adjustments that occur during standardised exercise test Thoroughbred horses. The system associated lightweight, fibreglass mask (total mass, 0.7kg) have maximum dead space 500ml negligible resistance to airflow. They no systematic effect on blood gases and, together with rapidly responding mass spectrometer, enable an accurate computation gas exchange be performed...

ABSTRACT Heart rate and respiratory frequency were recorded from free-range pochards tufted ducks by using an implantable radio-transmitter. Particular attention was paid to the changes associated with natural diving behaviour which occurred on outside pond (4 × 8 0·65 m depth). Spontaneous dives, in absence of any obvious external stimuli, often a series there could be excess 40 dives fairly quick succession. The first dive heralded tachycardia tachypnoea. Upon submersion transient...

ABSTRACT Heart rate and aerobic metabolism have been recorded from three Humboldt penguins, Spheniscus humboldti, freely diving on a freshwater pond (9 × 4·6 2·7 m deep), using an implanted radiotransmitter open circuit respirometer. Oxygen uptake at mean dive duration (46·2 s) was 26 % greater than the resting value, but difference not statistically significant. also similar to value. It is concluded that voluntary dives of penguins are completely oxygen stores sufficient allow continue...

Few studies of flight physiology have used birds that are in the migratory state. Thus, we obtained behavioural and physiological data from a group Svalbard Barnacle Geese before during autumn migration their breeding area around Ny-Alesund (790N) to wintering grounds Solway Firth, Scotland (550N). We attached lightweight (33 g) satellite transmitters (PTTs) some order determine behaviour, implanted small (20 loggers into abdominal cavity other obtain indication energy expenditure migration....

Twenty-four macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) from three groups, breeding males (N=9), females (N=9) and moulting (N=6), were exercised on a variable-speed treadmill. Heart rate (fH) mass-specific of oxygen consumption (sVO2) recorded the animals, both fh sVO2 found to increase linearly with increasing treadmill speed. A linear regression equation described relationship between for each individual. There no significant differences in these regressions females. relationships all...

We investigated whether daily O₂ consumption (V̇o2) could be predicted from heart rate (fH) in five exercising barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) and compared the accuracy of this method with that doubly labeled water (DLW) method. The regressions V̇o2 on fH, based incremental speed tests, differed among individual birds. pulse (i. e., V̇o2/fH) progressively increased exercise level 0.22 mL heartbeat⁻¹ during resting to an estimated 0.47 flight. Daily V̇o2, was generally underestimated...

Heart rates (fh) and of oxygen consumption (V(dot)O2) were measured in eight black-browed albatrosses (Diomedea melanophrys) when walking on a treadmill, with the aim using fh to predict V(dot)O2 free-ranging albatrosses. The resulting relationship between variables was: (ml min-1) = [0.0157fh (beats min-1)]1.60, r2=0.80, P<0.001. In addition calibration procedure, six injected doubly labelled water (DLW), monitored continuously over 3 day period while birds held respirometer. During period,...

ABSTRACT Diving behaviour and heart rate were monitored in tufted ducks diving under circumstances which simulated various environmental conditions such as feeding ice winter. When distance to food was increased on a covered outdoor pond, dive duration proportionately, but it calculated that time available for reduced during the longer-distance ‘extended’ dives. There gradual reduction 77·3 ± 13·8 beats min-1, is significantly lower than resting value of 121·1 14·1 course extended dives,...

ABSTRACT Two barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) were successfully imprinted on a human and encouraged to fly behind an open-topped truck containing the foster parent. A two channel radio-transmitter was implanted into these so that heart rate respiratory frequency could be recorded before, during after flights of relatively long duration. The resting value for 72 ±4 (10) beats min-1 frequency, 8.5±0.6(10) breaths min-1. Five mean duration 14.4 ± 1.3 (5) min at air velocity 18*7 0.3 (54) m s-1...

We measured daily energy expenditure (DEE) continuously for a whole year in free ranging bird, the macaroni penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus . combined these measurements with concurrently recorded foraging behaviour, and literature information on body mass dietary factors to estimate prey consumption rates success. DEE was at maximum during late chick‐rearing but equally high all other active phases of breeding season. approximately 4×resting metabolic rate, which accords established theory...

Heart rate (fH) and oxygen consumption (V̇o2) were recorded from gentoo penguins walking on a variable-speed treadmill. After an initial increase, fH V̇o2 increased linearly with speed. A curvilinear regression equation best described the relationship between V̇o2. Over 3-d period, continuously six that had been injected doubly labeled water (DLW). When was used to predict over 3 d, estimate uwas not significantly different measured error (−1.0%) less than produced by DLW method (+ 1.6%)....

We have tested the hypothesis that a large (2 kg) migratory bird, such as barnacle goose Branta leucopsis, becomes hypothermic before its autumn migration, when food is not scarce, but it necessary to conserve and/or store energy in form of fat. Abdominal temperature (T(ab)) was measured wild geese using an implanted data logger. Commencing few days and continuing until approximately 20 after start their mean daily T(ab) fell progressively by 4.4 degrees C. Thus, suggested that, rather than...

The main objective of this study was to determine heart rate (fh) and the energetic costs specific behaviours king penguins while ashore foraging at sea during their breeding period. In particular, an estimate made cost diving in order proportion dives that may exceed calculated aerobic dive limit (cADL; estimated usable O2 stores/estimated oxygen consumption diving). An implanted data logger enabled fh behaviour be monitored from 10 free-ranging Using previously determined calibration...

ABSTRACT Heart rate (fH) and of oxygen uptake were measured in six subadult California sea lions Zalophus californianus while they at rest swimming for 15 min controlled speeds up to 1.4ms”1 pulling loads 3 kg. There was a good linear relationship between fH all lions. The slopes the individual regression lines varied 2.66 4.36 beats ml−lO2kg−1, intercepts 48.2 63.0 min”1 r2 0.82 0.93. mean is fh = (57.4 ± 2.0) + (3.58 0.23) , r2=0.89±0.01. lowest values 5.1±0.4ml min−1 kg−1 highest 26.9±1.9...

Warm-blooded diving animals wintering in polar regions are expected to show a high degree of morphological adaptation allowing efficient thermal insulation. In stark contrast other marine mammals and seabirds living at latitudes, Arctic great cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo have very limited insulation because their partly permeable plumage. They nonetheless winter Greenland, where they exposed low air water temperatures. To understand how poorly insulated endotherms survive the winter, we...