Arrays of ten billion Co nanorings, with inner diameters 100 nm, wall widths 20 and an ultrahigh areal density 45 rings μm–2, are fabricated on a macroscopic area. Magnetometric measurements micromagnetic simulations reveal two parallel switching processes: vortex reversal process rotating onion process.

Large hydraulic excavators, characterized by large inertia of slewing movement, frequent accelerating and braking, have ideal working conditions for energy recovery reuse. This paper investigates the energy-saving potential excavators via experiments conducted under different conditions. Firstly, principle flow system excavator are analyzed, evaluation indexes proposed. Additionally, a 50 ton experimental prototype is established, comparative conducted. The analysis demonstrates that loss...

Affected by complex operating conditions and working characteristics of the hydraulic system, excavators suffer from large energy consumption, low utilization rate, poor emissions for a long time. To improve efficiency reduce consumption excavators, novel boom potential regeneration system (BPERS) hybrid is proposed. Firstly, structure principle BPERS are explained, while conventional boom-driving (CBS) an alternate recovery (EARUS) presented comparison. Secondly, mathematical model...

This paper presents an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) for multi-mission applications. A small catamaran equipped with remotely operated system based on wireless local area network is developed and used as a universal platform. Outfitted different appliances instruments, the USV tested various applications including harbor surveillance, water quality sampling, hydrologic survey, maritime search rescue. Experiments show that applicable.

This paper presents the design of an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) used for marine environment monitoring or hydrologic survey. A catamaran is to improve stability against waves, and shape high-speed ship exploited reduce resistance. The characteristics resistance, electric motor propeller are optimally matched, so that battery power saved endurance improved. By using wireless local loop based on IP, reliability remotely operated system increased distance effective communication extended....

Differences between heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) and conventional perpendicular at narrow track widths are compared. We can see that HAMR appears to have similar adjacent interference, but increased readback signal from the tracks (side reading). This background interference be a consequence of media architecture, decreased if soft underlayer spacing hard layer, transducer is reduced. The impact also reduced for very high linear densities, due smaller fraction unbiased flux...

Energy recovery and hybrid power technology are new directions in construction machinery energy-saving research. Thus far, however, no uniform standard method exists to evaluate the efficiency of novel concept systems early stages development. Efficiency assessment is valuable credible only by relying on driving cycles that consistent with actual data. As representative products machinery, hydraulic excavators multifunctional, object-uncertain, heavily influenced operator habits. It...

α″-Fe16N2 is a promising environmentally friendly rare-earth-free permanent magnet material with ultra-high saturation magnetization. Recent research has demonstrated experimentally through thermally quenching treatment using γ′ phase Fe4N as precursor to synthesize in bulk format. In this Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation, we investigated the γ′-Fe4N thermal decomposition process and potential transition from face center cubic (fcc)-phase body tetragonal (bct)-phase. As nitrogen...

This paper discusses the constraints of coplanar points in perspective projection, based on which a new method to calibrate lens distortion is presented. Stem from concept center line related Ponceletpsilas theorem projective geometry, an equation derived algebraically, some useful properties are deduced. These constitute plane constraints, exploited camera. needs only knowing coordinates plane, sparing process straight lines extraction. In addition, parameters and principal point camera...

The micro/macro magnetic properties, local element distribution, martensite transformation, and mechanical properties of 304H stainless wires are determined for two cold drawing chains. Finite simulations used to analyse the strain heat generation. results show that there is obvious inhomogeneity in strain/stress relationship, strain-induced within drawn wires. Comparing with same total strain, a larger area reduction previous processes contributes higher volume phase, while smaller first...

In this paper, a solution is provided to solve the heat conduction equation in three-dimensional cylinder region, where laser intensity of material irradiation surface expressed as Gaussian distribution. Based on symmetry distribution, firstly, form common rectangular coordinate system changed another two-dimensional cylindrical system. Secondly, ADI with backward Euler method and Crank–Nicolson are established discretize model system, after which simulation results obtained, first kind...

Abstract Plastic deformation at room temperature, and the proceeding heat treatments, are important processes for optimizing microstructure mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel. The cold-drawn 304 steel wire were investigated after annealing 700 °C 800 °C, with different times (20, 40 60 min) drawing strain (0.4, 1.0 1.5). Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques, transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) tensile tests...

Atomic structures of α″-phase magnetic material C-doped Fe16N2−nCn [n = (0,2)] are investigated using molecular dynamics energy minimization method. Based on simulated annealing principles, a highly efficient search method is developed to find the approximation “global” minimum states for these ternary bct lattice by sampling series local minimal from continuously divided space. It found that in alloy, although parameters vary with C concentration, bond length rankings C/N-Fe at Wyckoff...

Embedded Mask Patterning (EMP) has been proposed as a cost-effective fabrication method to be capable of patterning sub-5-nm grain sizes for highly ordered L10-FePt media Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR). Understanding the etching mechanism FePt is critical maintaining L10 structure and low damage magnetic grains. In this research, reactive Molecular Dynamics (MD) model developed study methanol (MeOH) plasma on continuous film. The describes interaction between products CO/H2...

The embedded mask patterning (EMP) process provides a potential L1 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> -FePt media solution for 1-10 Tbit/in <sup xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> magnetic recording areal density level. Methanol/Ar reactive ion etch of FePt (Ru 2 nm/FePt 8 nm) in EMP is investigated using an ion-neutral-redep synergy rate model with the consideration sputtered redeposition. It has been found...

The embedded mask patterning (EMP) method uses a plasma etching process to form an ultrasmall grain size ($\sim 4$ nm), but thermally stable isolated L10-FePt magnetic grains with Ru hard mask. EMP demonstrated as promising and potentially cost-effective solution fabricate ultrahigh density media for heat-assisted recording. In this simulation study, we investigated the manufacturability of formation these high aspect ratio (AR), nanometer-sized spaced in methanol (MeOH)/Ar etch used FePt...

Wastewater generated by confined swine production is characterized high ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N) content, the elimination of which would require significant amounts air in nitrification and organic carbon, serving as electron donor, denitrification. Shortcut denitrification (SND) a novel removal process that has drawn researchers' attention lately. In this study, application SND wastewater treatment was investigated using two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) connected series order to...

A new approach for vectorization of line drawings is proposed. In this paper, contour first applied to convert the scanned image from raster form vector form. After operation matching, elements skeletal and sub- shape are obtained. On basis two types elements, a graph G(V,E) built up help analyze forked joint in drawings, method curve tracing splitting also discussed fulfill sub-optimal extraction arc segments. addition, experimental results given showing better than that traditional...

Plasma etching process of single-crystal L10-FePt media [H. Wang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 102(5) (2013)] is studied using molecular dynamic simulation. Embedded-Atom Method [M. S. Daw and M. I. Baskes, Phy. Rev. B 29, 6443 (1984); X. W. Zhou, R. A. Johnson H. N. G. Wadley, 69, 144113 (2004)] used to calculate the interatomic potential within atoms in FePt alloy, ZBL [J.F. Ziegler, J. P. Biersack U. Littmark, “The Stopping Range Ions Matter,” Volume 1, Pergamon,1985] comparison with...