The error-related negativity (ERN) and feedback-related (FRN) have been used as electrophysiological indices of performance monitoring produced in response to internally generated (errors) externally (feedback) activations the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). No studies date systematically examined measurement reliability these components. In this article, we present retest ERN FRN during tasks designed elicit errors or feedback responses on two occasions. Data from four experiments are...

To further investigate mechanisms of isolated sleep paralysis (ISP) in normal individuals, we experimentally elicited ISPs by facilitating onset REM periods (SOREMP), a prerequisite ISPs, and examined behavioral psychological measurements relating to ISP appearances.The multi-phasic sleep/wake schedule (MPS) began at approximately midnight ended when net reached 7.5 hours. Participants were awakened after every 5 min obtain maximum number SOREMPs. Upon each awakening, mentation reports...

Summary The behavioral, cognitive, and psychophysiological effects of extended wakefulness are well known. As time awake increases, errors become more common often attributed to lapses in attention. Such can be reflected the error‐related negativity (Ne/ERN), a negative electroencephalogram deflection occurring after is thought related error detection or response conflict. Following Ne/ERN, positive (error positivity, Pe) also observed reflect further evaluation error. To elicit Ne/ERNs,...

Performance monitoring is an essential function involved in the correction of errors. Deterioration this may result serious accidents. This reflected two event-related potential (ERP) components that occur after erroneous responses, specifically error-related negativity/error negativity (ERN/Ne) and error positivity (Pe). The ERN/Ne thought to be associated with detection, while Pe reflect motivational significance or recognition Using these ERP components, some studies have shown sleepiness...

To examine the effects of a 1-hr nighttime nap, and associated sleep inertia, on error-monitoring functions during extended wakefulness using 2 event-related potential components thought to reflect error detection emotional or motivational evaluation error, i.e., error-related negativity/error-negativity (ERN/Ne) error-positivity (Pe), respectively. Participants awakened at 07:00 morning experimental day, performed stimulus-response compatibility (arrow-orientation) task 21:00, 02:00, 03:00....

Background Recent studies employing stimulus-response compatibility tasks suggest that an increase in the amplitude of positive deflection response-locked event-related potential (ERP) foreshadows errors on forthcoming trials. However, no have tested generalizability error-foreshadowing positivity to without interference. Methodology/Principal Findings The present study adopted alternating-response task, which participants responded pointing direction arrowhead (up or down). Although...

Humans tend to be conservative and typically will retain their initial decision even if an option change is provided. We investigated whether the stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN), event-related potential associated with affective-motivational anticipation of feedback in gambling tasks, represents strong response tendency decision. compared SPNs three different card-gambling tasks wherein participants were given opportunity after they chose one cards. In two these winning probability was...

The Monty Hall Dilemma (MHD) poses a counterintuitive probabilistic problem to the players of this game. In MHD task, participant chooses one three options where only contains reward. After unchosen (always no reward) is disclosed, asked make final decision: either change remaining option or stick with their first choice. Although probability winning if they higher (2/3) compared sticking choice (1/3), most people original selection and often lose. accordance previous research, repetitive...

Abstract Alterations in our environment require us to learn or alter motor skills remain efficient. Also, damage injury may the relearning of skills. Two types have been identified: movement adaptation and sequence learning. Doyon et al. (2003, Distinct contribution cortico‐striatal cortico‐cerebellar systems skill Neuropsychologia, 41(3), 252‐262) proposed a model explain neural mechanisms related (cortico‐cerebellar) learning (cortico‐striatum) tasks. We hypothesized that medial frontal...

Nielsen's covert REM process model explains much of the mentation found in and NREM sleep, but stops short postulating an interaction waking cognitive processes with dream mechanisms sleep. It ranks Hobson et al. paper as a major theoretical advance. The Solms article does not surmount ever-present problem defining dreams manner conducive to advancing theory. Vertes & Eastman review sleep learning literature, make questionable assumptions doing so. [Hobson al.; Nielsen; Solms; Eastman]

Previous findings have reported that track and field athletes may monitor utilize internal information, including anxiety level, suggesting the ability to inwardly one's own functioning are required achieve superior performance. Performance monitoring has been investigated using two event-related potential (ERP) components; error (-related) negativity (Ne/ERN) positivity (Pe). It is unknown whether performance differs among various types of athletes. also Ne/ERN amplitude increased in...