Endophytic bacteria are ubiquitous in most plant species, residing latently or actively colonizing tissues locally as well systemically. Several definitions have been proposed for endophytic bacteria; this review endophytes will be defined those that can isolated from surface-disinfested tissue extracted within the plant, and do not visibly harm plant. While definition does include nonextractable bacteria, it is a practical based on experimental limitations inclusive of bacterial symbionts,...

Differences between endophytic and ectophytic bacterial communities with stress on antagonistic bacteria, were studied by comparing the composition of isolated from rhizosphere, phyllosphere, endorhiza endosphere field-grown potato plants using a multiphasic approach. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis 16S rDNA revealed discrete microenvironment-specific patterns. To measure potential potato-associated total 2648 bacteria screened dual testing antagonism to soilborne...

To study the effect of microenvironments on potato-associated bacteria, abundance and diversity bacteria isolated from rhizosphere, phyllosphere, endorhiza, endosphere field grown potato was analyzed. Culturable were obtained after plating R2A medium. The endophytic populations averaged 10 3 5 CFU/g (fresh wt.) for respectively, which lower than those ectophytic microenvironments, with 7 phyllosphere respectively. composition richness bacterial species microenvironment-dependent. occurrence...

The potential of bacterial antagonists fungal pathogens to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Treatment tomato seeds with several strains significantly reduced numbers galls and egg masses compared untreated control. Best performed Bacillus subtilis isolates Sb4-23, Mc5-Re2, Mc2-Re2, which were further studied for their mode action regard direct effects by metabolites or repellents, plant mediated effects. Drenching soil culture...

Understanding the interactions of plant-parasitic nematodes with antagonistic soil microbes could provide opportunities for novel crop protection strategies. Three arable soils were investigated their suppressiveness against root knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla. For all three soils, M. hapla developed significantly fewer galls, egg masses, and eggs on tomato plants in unsterilized than sterilized infested soil. Egg numbers reduced by up to 93%. This suggested suppression microbial...

Plant protection via disease-suppressive bacteria in desert farming requires specific biological control agents (BCAs) adapted to the unique arid conditions. We performed an ecological study of below-ground communities farm soil and untreated soil, based on these findings, selected antagonists were hierarchically evaluated. In contrast highly 16S rRNA fingerprints bacterial cultivated medicinal plants, internal transcribed spacer profiles fungal less discriminative mainly characterised by...

ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that living and heat-killed cells of the rhizobacterium Rhizobium etli strain G12 induce in potato roots systemic resistance to infection by cyst nematode Globodera pallida . To better understand mechanisms induced resistance, we focused on identifying inducing agent. Since heat-stable bacterial surface carbohydrates such as exopolysaccharides (EPS) lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are essential for recognition symbiotic interaction between legumes, their role R....

ABSTRACT The external and internal colonization of potato Arabidopsis roots by the biocontrol strain Rhizobium etli G12 containing a plasmidborne trp promoter green fluorescent protein transcriptional fusion, pGT-trp, was studied in presence absence root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Plant behavior potential marked G12(pGT-trp) not altered compared with parental strain. Plasmid pGT-trp stable for more than 80 generations without selection conferred sufficient fluorescence to detect...

Plant-parasitic nematodes cause considerable damage to crop plants. The rhizosphere microbiome can affect invasion and reproductive success of plant-parasitic nematodes, thus affecting plant damage. In this study, we investigated how the transplanted from different crops on soybean or tomato, whether plant's own protects it better than fallow soil. Soybean plants growing in sterilized substrate were inoculated with extracted soybean, maize, tomato. Controls extracts bulk soil, not...

Abstract Plant-parasitic nematodes are associated with specifically attached soil bacteria. To investigate these bacteria, we employed culture-dependent methods to isolate a representative set of strains from the cuticle infective stage (J2) root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla in different soils. The bacteria highest affinity attach J2 belonged genera Microbacterium , Sphingopyxis Brevundimonas Acinetobacter and Micrococcus as revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Dynamics attachment two...

Investigations were conducted to determine if biological control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens 89B-61 could colonize cotton tissues systemically and internal colonization by a known endophytic bacterium, Enterobacter asburiae JM22, was influenced the presence of other plant-associated bacteria. Following seed treatment, colonized roots both externally internally at mean population densities 8.7 × 10 5 CFU/g 1.1 3 CFU/g, respectively. However, bacteria not detected in cotyledons, leaves, or...

Abstract BACKGROUND: Chemical nematicides such as methyl bromide have for decades played a significant role in the management of plant‐parasitic nematodes. Their application is problematic because negative environmental impacts, and therefore was phased out Europe 2005. A possible alternative to synthetically derived seen use plants and/or their secondary metabolites. These could either be used nematicidal green manure or source extracts. This study aimed evaluate effects...

Increased carbon translocation to the rhizosphere via 'leakage' induced by low amounts of plant parasitic nematodes can foster microorganisms. The effects root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on microbial biomass (C(mic)) and community structure (phospholipid fatty acids) in barley were studied. Inoculation densities 2000, 4000, 8000 well below threshold level for damage. A (13)CO(2) pulse-labelling was performed assess distribution assimilated (13)C rhizosphere. Infection with M....

Abstract Endophytic bacteria were isolated from coffee roots in Ethiopia and identified by Fatty Acid Methyl Ester-Gas Chromatography (FAME-GC). A total of 201 114 endophytic during the wet dry seasons, respectively. The most abundant genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Agrobacterium, Stenotrophomonas Enterobacter. Population densities higher season than ranging 5.2 × 103 to 2.07 106 cfu (g fresh root weight)–1. Culture filtrates bacterial isolates showed nematicidal effects between 38 98%. active...

Morphological identification of spiral nematodes the genus Helicotylenchus is a difficult task because most characters used for their diagnosis vary within species. In this paper we provide morphological and molecular characterisations several nematodes, H. broadbalkiensis , digonicus dihystera microlobus paxilli pseudorobustus collected in different geographical areas USA, Switzerland, Italy, New Zealand, Spain, UK, South Korea Russia. We suggest that are valid species separated from each...