Abstract Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent activator and chemoattractant for leukocytes implicated in several inflammatory diseases. The actions of LTB4 are mediated by two cell surface receptors, BLT1, which predominantly expressed peripheral blood leukocytes, BLT2, more ubiquitously. Recently, BLT1 expression LTB4-dependent chemotaxis have been reported immature mast cells (MCs). We now show the first evidence BLT2 mRNA expression, addition to murine bone marrow-derived MCs (mBMMCs) human...

Allergic asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction, lung inflammation, and hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Previous studies using leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) receptor 1-deficient mice adoptive transfer experiments have suggested that LTB(4) plays a role in inflammation AHR.In this study, we used A(4) hydrolase (LTA(4)H) inhibitor as pharmacological tool to directly examine the of mast cell-dependent murine model allergic inflammation.We forced oscillation technique test effects an...

Bead-based immunoassays employ the same basic principle as sandwich immunoassays. Capture beads, which can be differentiated by size and internal allophycocyanin (APC) fluorescence intensity, are conjugated to antibodies specific a particular analyte. Next, selected panel of defined capture bead sets is incubated with biological sample containing target analytes antibodies. A biotinylated detection antibody cocktail added, leads formation bead-analyte-detection sandwiches. Finally,...

We have identified a gene encoding RGS domain-containing protein kinase (RCK1), novel regulator of G signaling kinase. RCK1 mutant strains exhibit strong aggregation and chemotaxis defects. rck1 null cells chemotax approximately 50% faster than wild-type cells, suggesting plays negative regulatory role in chemotaxis. Consistent with this finding, overexpression reduces speed by 40%. On cAMP stimulation, transiently translocates to the membrane/cortex region membrane localization peaking at...

Bead-based immunoassays employ the same basic principle as sandwich immunoassays. Capture beads, which can be differentiated by size and internal allophycocyanin (APC) fluorescence intensity, are conjugated to antibodies specific a particular analyte. Next, selected panel of defined capture bead sets is incubated with biological sample containing target analytes antibodies. A biotinylated detection antibody cocktail added, leads formation bead-analyte-detection sandwiches. Finally,...

Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades regulate various cellular functions, including growth, cell differentiation, development, and stress responses. We have identified a new Dictyostelium (stress-activated [SAPK]alpha), which is related to members of the mixed lineage class mitogen-activated kinases. SAPKalpha activated by osmotic stress, heat shock, detachment from substratum membrane-permeable cGMP analog, known regulator responses in Dictyostelium. important for resistance stresses,...

Abstract Chemotactic cytokines or chemokines play pivotal roles in various processes such as immune surveillance, organ development, angiogenesis, and responses. Expression profiling of chemokines, especially those involved inflammation disorders, is important achieving a deeper understanding disease states. Using fluorescence-encoded beads, we have developed two multiplex immunoassay panels to simultaneously detect 13 human mouse respectively. Both include MCP-1 (CCL2), RANTES (CCL5), IP-10...

Background Rates of acute mental health presentations in youth were increasing pre-pandemic internationally. Longitudinal studies following COVID-19 attest to ongoing deterioration health, recognising adverse unintended consequences public restrictions. Aims To examine whether the initial post-COVID-19 increase persisted reclassification endemic status, accompanied by removal most Method All referrals paediatric liaison psychiatry (PLP) between January 2018 and December 2022 a Dublin...

Abstract Immune responses are mediated by innate immune cells (e.g., macrophages) and subsequently, adaptive B cells). Macrophages secrete an array of cytokines to effect their functions in host defense, tissue repair immunoregulation. Pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) produce cytokines, such as IL-12p70, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12p40, IL-23, IFN-γ, IP-10, while anti-inflammatory repairing (M2) release a different set factors, IL-4, IL-10, Arginase, TARC IL-1RA. cells, addition antibody...

Abstract Immune checkpoint molecules are important regulators of immune activation. This regulation is critical to maintaining homeostasis, and driven by a complex interplay both co-stimulatory inhibitory signals. These checkpoints key preventing autoimmunity in healthy individuals; however, cancer cells often exploit this system modulating the expression these order suppress anti-tumor responses during host immuno-editing. The ability accurately quantify levels ongoing biomedical research...

Abstract T helper or “Th” cells, play important roles in regulating the responses of immune system. They secrete cytokines to stimulate various effector such as cytotoxic B cells and macrophages. Accurate measurement Th cytokine expression is critical identify corresponding cell develop depth understanding responses. We have developed two multiplexed assay panels, i.e., human mouse using fluorescence-encoded beads that are suitable for use on flow cytometers. Both panels allow simultaneous...

Abstract In response to pathogens, especially viruses, cells release interferons and other cytokines fight the infections. Interferons are typically divided into three types: I (e.g., INF-α, IFN-β), II IFN-γ), III IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2). All important for fighting viral infections regulating immune system. addition, critically involved in cancer autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis. Expression profiling of related is critical achieving a deeper...

Abstract Cells bind to each other or the extracellular matrix via Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs). Most of CAMs belong four protein families, including immunoglobulin superfamily (e.g., ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and ALCAM), selectins P-, E- L-selectins), cadherins E-cadherin) integrins LFA-1). control intercellular adhesion mediate cell growth, migration, proliferation apoptosis. As a result, they play important roles in wide range cellular disease processes. The soluble forms these have increasingly...

Leukotriene A 4 hydrolase (LTA 4H) produces the pro‐inflammatory mediator LTB , a potent chemoattractant of allergy‐associated leukocytes such as mast cells, T eosinophils, neutrophils and monocytes. The potential utility selective, LTA 4H inhibitor was examined in vivo using murine, cell‐dependent model allergic airway inflammation. Treatment with significantly decreased lymphocytes bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) compared to vehicle‐treated animals. Cytokines IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13 MCP‐1...

Abstract Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent lipid mediator of inflammation. The biological functions LTB4 are mediated through two homologous receptors with high and low affinities, namely, BLT1 BLT2. Using human primary monocytes, we trying to understand the in atherosclerosis from transcriptional activation perspective. We have also examined contributions each receptor. Primary monocytes were treated total RNA prepared analyzed by microarray. Of particular interest, among genes upregulated...

Abstract Immune responses are mediated by innate immune cells (e.g., macrophages) and subsequently, adaptive T B cells). Macrophages secrete an array of inflammatory mediators to affect their host defense, tissue repair, immunoregulatory functions. Pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) produce cytokines, such as IL-12p70, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12p40, IL-18, IL-23, IFN-γ, IP-10, while anti-inflammatory repairing (M2) release a different set factors, IL-4, IL-10, Arginase, TARC, MDC, IL-1RA...