Abstract For the last 40 years, actigraphy or wearable accelerometry has provided an objective, low-burden and ecologically valid approach to assess real-world sleep circadian patterns, contributing valuable data epidemiological clinical insights on disorders. The proper use of technology in research requires validated algorithms that can derive outcomes from sensor data. Since publication first automated scoring algorithm by Webster 1982, a variety have been developed contributed research,...

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a widely used technology in rehabilitation research and provides quantifiable information on the myoelectric output of muscle. In this perspective, we discuss barriers which have restricted wide-spread use sEMG clinical individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). One major obstacles integrating time-consuming aspects already demanding schedule physical therapists, occupational other clinicians. From clinicians' lack confidence to also apparent due their...

Background: Robotic exoskeleton (RE) based gait training involves repetitive task-oriented movements and weight shifts to promote functional recovery. To effectively understand the neuromuscular alterations occurring due hemiplegia as well utilization of RE in acute stroke, there is a need for electromyography (EMG) techniques that not only quantify intensity muscle activations but also compare activation timings different environments. Purpose: examine applicability novel EMG analysis...

Objective: To evaluate gait parameters and neuromuscular profiles of exoskeleton-assisted walking under Max Assist condition during a single-session for; (i) able bodied (AB) individuals assisted with (EXO) without (non-EXO) powered exoskeleton, (ii) non-ambulatory SCI exoskeleton.Design: Single-session.Setting: Motion analysis laboratory.Participants: Four AB four SCI.Interventions: Powered lower extremity exoskeleton.Outcome Measures: Temporal-spatial parameters, kinematics, velocity...

The goal of this paper is to demonstrate a novel approach that combines Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) with Notch filtering remove the electrical stimulation (ES) artifact from surface electromyogram (EMG) data for interpretation muscle responses during functional (FES) experiments. FES was applied rectus femoris (RF) unilaterally six able bodied (AB) and one individual spinal cord injury (SCI). Each trial consisted three repetitions ES. We hypothesized EMD algorithm provides suitable...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) impairs sensory–motor functions, with debilitating consequences on postural control and balance, which persist during the chronic stages of recovery. The Timed Up Go (TUG) test is a reliable, safe, time-efficient, one most widely used clinical measures to assess gait, fall risk in TBI patients extensively inpatient outpatient settings. Although TUG has been due its ease performance excellent reliability, limited research published that investigates relationship...

Background: A foot drop stimulator (FDS) is a rehabilitation intervention that stimulates the common peroneal nerve to facilitate ankle dorsiflexion at appropriate time during post-stroke hemiplegic gait. Time-frequency analysis of nonstationary surface electromyograms (EMG) and spectral variables such as instantaneous mean frequency (IMNF) can provide valuable information on long term effects FDS in terms changes motor unit (MU) recruitment gait, secondary improved dorsiflexion. Objective:...

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) applied through a foot drop stimulator (FDS) is rehabilitation intervention that can stimulate the common peroneal nerve to provide dorsiflexion at correct timing during gait.To determine if FES walking FDS would effectively retrain electromyographic temporal activation of tibialis anterior in individuals with stroke.Surface electromyography (EMG) were collected bilaterally from (TA) while participants (n = 4) walked and without baseline 4 weeks....

Rectification of surface EMGs during electrical stimulations (ES) is still a problem to be solved. The broad band frequency components ES artifact overlap with the EMG spectrum, make this task challenging. In study, we investigate potential use empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method remove stimulus from collected such applications. We hypothesize that EMD algorithm provides suitable platform for decomposing signal into physically meaningful intrinsic modes which can used isolate artifact....

Foot drop is one of the most common secondary conditions associated with hemiplegia post stroke and cerebral palsy (CP) in children, characterized by inability to lift foot (dorsiflexion) about ankle. This investigation focuses on children adolescents diagnosed brain injury aims evaluate orthotic therapeutic effects due continuous use a stimulator (FDS). Seven (10 ± 3.89 years) (stroke or CP) were evaluated at baseline after 3 months FDS usage during community ambulation. Primary outcome...

There is limited research on sensory acuity i.e. ability to perceive external perturbations via body-sway during standing in individuals with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). It unclear whether diminishes after TBI and if it contributing factor balance dysfunction. The objective of this investigation first objectively quantify the terms perturbation perception threshold (PPT) determine related functional outcomes static dynamic balance. Ten chronic eleven age-matched healthy controls (HC)...

Objective: To provide a proof-of-concept for novel stroke-gait-specific augmented reality (AR)-guided treadmill intervention by evaluating its effect on temporospatial and functional outcomes of mobility.Methods: Two females with hemiplegia post stroke were recruited participation in 4-week intervention, single healthy control was baseline comparisons. The stroke-intervention (SI) participant (aged 54-years), completed 12 sessions AR-guided intervention. stroke-control (SC) 59-years)...

In the absence of standardized symmetry assessments, quantifying based on kinematic evolution lower extremity joints can elucidate gait irregularities. The objective was to develop a novel cyclogram (CBS) method quantify joints' and assess effect 6-month utilization foot drop stimulator (FDS) CBS limbs during hemiplegic post stroke. Twenty-four participants (13 stroke 11 healthy controls (HC)) performed 10 walking trials at free cadence level ground. Symmetry values were computed using...

This study modeled ankle angle changes during small forward perturbations of a standing platform. A two-dimensional biomechanical inverted pendulum model was developed that uses sway frequencies derived from quiet observations on subject's anterior posterior center pressure (APCoP) to track 16 mm displacement perturbation platform which subject stood. used the total torque generated at joint as one inputs, and calculated it assuming PID controller. feedback system simulated based angular...

This paper presents the validity of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) combined with Notch filtering to remove electrical stimulation (ES) artifact from surface electromyogram (EMG) data for interpretation muscle responses during Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) experiments. We hypothesized that EMD algorithm provides a suitable platform decomposing EMG signal into physically meaningful intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) which can be further used isolate artifact. The basic was decompose...

Balance dysfunction is one of the most disabling aspects Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Without rapid transmission and accurate perception somatosensory inputs, automatic postural responses required during standing may be delayed or absent after TBI which can lead to instability. Further, sensitivity level environmental perturbations detected also vital, as central nervous system will only employ balance control strategies when it perceives a change in equilibrium. Such undetectable...

Bursts of 2.5mm horizontal sinusoidal anterior-posterior oscillations sequentially varying frequencies (0.25 to 1.25 Hz) are applied the base support study postural control. The Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) algorithm decomposes Center Pressure (CoP) data (5 young, 4 mature adults) into Intrinsic Functions (IMFs). Hilbert transforms produce each IMF's time-frequency spectrum. most dominant mode in total energy indicates a sway ramble with frequency content below 0.1 Hz. Other modes...

Spatial neglect after right brain stroke affects balance, and improvements in sitting balance prism adaptation have been demonstrated using short-duration center of pressure (CoP) data. We present long-duration (5 min) CoP trunk muscles electromyography recordings a 61-year-old man with left-sided spatial neglect, before single session adaptation. His CoP-derived measures showed improved postural stability both the anterior-posterior medial-lateral directions Concurrently, asymmetry...

Abstract Step count is one of the most used real-world (RW) outcomes for understanding physical functioning, activity, and overall quality life. In current investigation, we systematically evaluated performances modern wrist-accelerometry-based algorithms based on peak detection, autocorrelation, template matching, movement frequency machine learning a common dataset that included continuous walking trials varying speeds regularities. The accuracies were computed with respect to ground truth...

Activity counts have been used for over two decades with 22,000 published scientific papers in public health and clinical research. ActiGraph recently released the algorithm computing from raw accelerometer data as an open-source Python library, which is now ported by researchers to other languages, notably R. The current commentary presents historical overview of counts, its development evolution a measure physical activity. Further, we provide general recommendations on extracting discuss...

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) impairs the integration and organization of visual, auditory, somatosensory inputs that permit body position awareness in relation to self environment resulting balance dysfunction (BD). The sensitivity levels which environmental perturbations are perceived also critical for attaining equilibrium. Undetectable perturbations, however small they may be, can result fatal falls, especially after TBI. In this investigation, we used a novel dynamic computerized...