Visual working memory (VWM) maintains and manipulates a limited set of visual objects being actively used in processing. To explore whether how the fine detailed information is stored VWM, four experiments have been conducted while recording contralateral delay activity (CDA), an event-related potential difference wave that reflects maintenance VWM. The type remembered was manipulated by adopting simple complex as materials. We found amplitude CDA modulated object complexity: size array rose...

Interpreting is generally recognized as a particularly demanding language processing task for the cognitive system. Dependency distance, linear distance between two syntactically related words in sentence, an index of sentence complexity and also able to reflect constraints during various tasks. In current research, we examine difference dependency among three interpreting types, namely, simultaneous interpreting, consecutive read-out translated speech based on treebank comprising these...

Lexical simplification parameters, labeled as representative of the cognitive load in various processes, have been applied corpus-based studies on translation universals and interpreting outputs. We speculate that output simultaneous (SI), extreme situation language control, might be more simplified than consecutive (CI) due to high load. To test this hypothesis, present study examines patterns rendered texts, based a corpus composed SI CI read-out translated speeches non-interpreted,...

Background This study explored whether the high-resolution representations created by visual working memory (VWM) are constructed in a coarse-to-fine or all-or-none manner. The hypothesis suggests that coarse information precedes detailed entering VWM and its resolution increases along with processing time of array, whereas claims either both enter into simultaneously, neither does. Methodology/Principal Findings We tested two hypotheses asking participants to remember four complex objects....

Simultaneous interpreting is a complex bilingual verbal activity that poses great challenges for working memory and language proficiency. Fluency one of the crucial indicators in evaluating simultaneous quality, violation which characterized by disfluency such as interruptions, hesitations, repetitions, corrections blanks. To uncover factors underlying fluency interpreting, 22 students performed battery tasks to test their proficiency memory. Two tasks, both from Chinese English Chinese,...

Telomerase reactivation, which prevents telomere shortening and maintains cell viability, is crucial for the continued growth or progression of cancer cells. A minisatellite tandem repeat, MNS16A, located in downstream human telomerase reverse transcriptase ( hTERT ) gene was recently identified reported to have an effect on expression activity. The aim this study test hypothesis that MNS16A variant associated with risk breast development metastasis. We genotyped a case–control 1029...

We demonstrate a substantial evidence that the word length can be an essential lexical structural feature for evolution in written Chinese. The data used this study are diachronic Chinese short narrative texts with time span of over 2000-years. show increase is regularity evolution. On one hand, frequency found to depend on length, and their relation line Power law function y = ax-b. other our deeper analyses results simplification characters balance Moreover, correspondence between spoken...

Interpreting (i.e., oral translation) is facing challenges due to the prevalence of machine translation, and one urgent question for interpreting educators what knowledge skills should be taught in machine-translation age. Focusing on this issue, present corpus-based study systematically quantified differences between outputs from expert interpreters two translation systems. Using text analysis tools, significant multidimensional linguistic features including lexical, syntactic, cohesive...

Most interpreting theories claim that different types should involve varied processing mechanisms and procedures. However, few studies have examined their underlying differences. Even though some previous results based on quantitative approaches show yield outputs of varying lexical syntactic features, the grammatical parsing approach is limited. Language sequences form without relying or with a specific linguistic grammar excel other at revealing sequential behavior language production. As...

Foreign language anxiety (FLA) has been identified as a crucial affective factor in learning. Similar to the situation classes, university students interpretation classes are required perform foreign when their skills inadequate. Investigations needed determine specific impact of FLA on This study investigated effects classroom (ICFLA) learning and dependency distance (DD) an indicator learners' cognitive load. The participants were 49 undergraduate graduate enrolled English-Chinese at Hong...

Previous quantitative studies discussing interpreting types have focused on various features of linguistic forms in outputs. However, none them has examined their informativeness. Entropy, as a measure the average information content and uniformity probability distribution language units, been applied to research different texts. In present study, entropy repeat rate were used investigate difference overall informativeness concentration output texts between simultaneous consecutive...

Prominent interpreting models have illustrated different processing mechanisms of simultaneous and consecutive interpreting. Although great efforts been made, a macroscopic examination into outputs is sparse. Since complex network powerful feasible tool to capture the holistic features language, present study adopts this novel approach investigate properties syntactic dependency networks based on outputs. Our results show that demonstrate higher degrees, clustering coefficients, more...

Previous research on word class distribution claimed that 37% of tokens are nouns, suggesting there might exist a certain regularity noun proportion among human languages. To explore this possibility, we examined the and four other classes within British American English, across seven languages in terms different frequency band. Results indicated is evidently about or larger than 37%, meanwhile increases with rarity. Among frequent words, nouns increase as minor decrease, whereas rare...

Abstract Prediction is an important part of language processing. An open question to what extent people predict in challenging circumstances. Here we tested the limits prediction by asking bilingual Dutch native speakers interpret sentences into their English counterparts. In two visual world experiments, recorded participants’ eye movements co-present objects while they engaged interpreting tasks (consecutive and simultaneous interpreting). Most participants showed anticipatory...