A5030704950- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Williams Syndrome Research
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Congenital heart defects research
- Neurological disorders and treatments
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
National Institute of Mental Health
2016-2025
United States Department of Health and Human Services
2004-2024
National Institutes of Health
2015-2024
National Institute of Mental Health
2017-2023
Government of the United States of America
2022
VA Connecticut Healthcare System
2009-2021
Yale University
2004-2021
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
2021
Cognitive Neuroimaging Lab
2005-2020
Office of Extramural Research
2016-2020
The authors previously reported that in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia the affected twin almost invariably had a smaller anterior pes hippocampus, measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and less regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during performance of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. present study was an investigation relationship between hippocampal pathology hypofunction same pairs.Nine pairs underwent MRI scanning determination volume...
Two brain regions often implicated in schizophrenia are the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and hippocampal formation (HF). It has been hypothesized that pathophysiology of disorder might involve an alteration functional interactions between medial temporal areas.We used neuroimaging data acquired during a working memory challenge sensorimotor control task 22 medication-free schizophrenic patients performance-, age-, sex-matched healthy subjects to investigate "functional...
There is considerable evidence from animal studies that the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine systems are sensitive to circulating gonadal steroid hormones. Less known about influence of estrogen progesterone on human reward system. To investigate this directly, we used functional MRI an event-related monetary paradigm study women with a repeated-measures, counterbalanced design across menstrual cycle. Here show during midfollicular phase (days 4-8 after onset menses) anticipating...
Recent physiological and cognitive studies of schizophrenia have implicated dysfunction prefrontal cortex as a possible explanation for some the disabling intellectual social aspects disorder. To investigate potential reversibility deficits role state variables, eg, attention motivation, three groups patients with were administered Wisconsin Card Sorting Test on six consecutive occasions. Two received incremental information how to do test, including explicit card-by-card instruction. The...
OBJECTIVE: Disturbed neuronal interactions may be involved in schizophrenia because it is without clear regional pathology. Aberrant connectivity further suggested by theoretical formulations and neurochemical neuroanatomical data. The authors applied to a recently available functional neuroimaging analytic method that permits characterization of cooperative action on the systems level. METHOD: Thirteen medication-free patients 13 matched healthy comparison subjects performed working memory...
A quantitative meta-analysis using the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) method was used to investigate brain basis of Wisconsin Card-Sorting Task (WCST) and two hypothesized component processes, task switching response suppression. All three meta-analyses revealed distributed frontoparietal patterns consistent with status WCST as an attention-demanding executive task. The associated extensive bilateral clusters reliable cross-study activity in lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior...
OBJECTIVES: To design and test a brief, efficient dementia‐screening instrument for use by general practitioners (GPs). DESIGN: The General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG) consists cognitive items historical questions asked an informant. validity the measure was assessed comparison with criterion standard diagnoses dementia derived from Diagnostic Statistical Manual Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition). SETTING: Primary care doctors' offices. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty‐seven GPs...
We conducted two xenon Xe 133 inhalation regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies to clarify earlier findings of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) dysfunction in medication-free patients with chronic schizophrenia. In the first study, 24 neuroleptic-treated and 25 normal controls underwent three rCBF procedures, while at rest, then during Wisconsin Card Sort (WCS), which tests DLPFC cognitive function, a number-matching task that controlled for aspects WCS-rCBF experience not...
The PET H2 15O-bolus method was used to image regional brain activity in normal human subjects during intense pain induced by intradermal injection of capsaicin and post-capsaicin mechanical allodynia (the perception from a normally non-painful stimulus). Images cerebral blood flow were acquired six conditions: (i) rest; (ii) light brushing the forearm; (iii) forearm capsaicin, (iv) (v) waning phases pain; (vi) allodynia. Allodynia produced adjacent site after ongoing had completely...
In humans, dopamine neurotransmission is influenced by functional polymorphisms in the transporter (DAT1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes. Here, we used event-related magnetic resonance imaging to directly investigate neurofunctional effects of Val(158)Met COMT variable number tandem repeat DAT1 on distinct components reward system humans. The results revealed a main effect genotype ventral striatum lateral prefrontal cortex during anticipation (P < 0.001, uncorrected)...
The oxygen-15 water bolus positron emission tomography (PET) method was used to image regional brain activity in 4 patients with chronic post-traumatic neuropathic pain confined one lower limb and 1 patient post-herpetic neuralgia. In comparison 13 normal subjects, scans of the disclosed a statistically significant decrease thalamic contralateral symptomatic side. Examination right/left ratio for all subjects showed that values fell at extremes range, according side affected body part. These...
There is considerable evidence from animal studies that gonadal steroid hormones modulate neuronal activity and affect behavior. To study this in humans directly, we used H 2 15 O positron-emission tomography to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) young women during three pharmacologically controlled hormonal conditions spanning 4–5 months: ovarian suppression induced by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist leuprolide acetate (Lupron), Lupron plus estradiol replacement,...
Steady-state arterial spin tagging approaches can provide quantitative images of CBF, but have not been validated in humans. The work presented here compared CBF values measured using steady-state with the same group human subjects H215O IV bolus PET method. Blood flow determined by were corrected for known effects incomplete extraction water across blood brain barrier. For a cortical strip ROI, (64 ± 12 cc/100g/min) statistically different from (67 13 cc/100g/min). However, central white...